Structures - Part II aggregate operations arrays of type struct nested structures

Structures - Part II aggregate operations arrays of type struct nested structures compared to classes

Aggregate Operations Operation Arrays Structs I/O No (except strings) No Assignment No Yes Arithmetic No No Comparison No No Parameter pass. Ref. only Eithervalue or ref. Funct. return value No Yes

Arrays of Structures • struct Salaried • { char dept[5]; • int salary; • int vac_days; • }; • // array of 20 elements, each of type Salaried • Salaried emp[20];

Arrays of Structures • emp[0].dept = “Purc”; • emp[0].salary = 34560; • emp[0].vac_days = 14; • ... • emp[2].salary = 32100; • emp[2].dept = “Ship”; • emp[2].vac_days = 10; • … • emp[19].dept = “Acct”; • emp[19].salary = 22500; • emp[19].vac_days = 12;

Arrays of Structures • struct Payroll • { • int id; • char name[15]; • double payrate; • }; • // an array of 3 records of type Payroll • Payroll employee[3];

Arrays of Structures • // load array -- there are other ways to load the array • Payroll employee[3] = { {11, “Begay”, 7.25}, • {12, “Gioseffi”, 6.50}, • {13, “Marra”, 9.00} }; • // display array • for(ndx = 0; ndx < 3; ndx++) • cout << ‘\n’ << employee[ndx].id • << setw(20) << employee[ndx].name • << setw(20) << employee[ndx].payrate;

Arrays of Structures • struct Payroll{ int id; char name[15]; double payrate; }; // prototypesvoid loadarray(Payroll [3]); void showarray(Payroll [3]); *

Arrays of Structures • void main() • { //declare array of 3 records of type Payroll • // and initialize the first record • Payroll employee[3] = { 11, "Begay", 7.25 }; • loadarray(employee); // calls • showarray(employee); • cout << endl<<endl; // for formatting • } // end main()

Arrays of Structures • // load array - data typically entered via file input • void loadarray(Payrollstaff[3]) • {// begin at 1 because [0] already entered • for(int ndx = 1; ndx < 3; ndx++) • { cout << "Enter the ID, name, and pay rate: "; • cin >> staff[ndx].id >> staff[ndx].name • >> staff[ndx].payrate; • cout << endl; • } • }

Arrays of Structures • void showarray(Payrollstaff[3]) • { • cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) • << setprecision(2); • for(int ndx = 0; ndx < 3; ndx++) • cout << '\n' << setw(5) << staff[ndx].id • << setw(13) << staff[ndx].name • << setw(10) << staff[ndx].payrate; • }

In Class Assign. 3 • Elementat. numat. massdensity • tungsten (W)74183.850 19.300 • sulfur (S)1632.064 2.07 • carbon (C) 612.011 2.260 9. Write a program which: a. creates an array of structures b. uses a global constant for the array size c. contains functions to load and to display d. format similar to the above chart

In Class Assign. 3-ans. #include<iostream.h> #include<iomanip.h> struct Element { char symbo; int at_num; double at_mass; double density; }; const int ARR_SIZE = 3; void loadarray(Element [ARR_SIZE ]); void showarray(Element [ARR_SIZE ]); void main() { //declare array - type Element Element atom[ARR_SIZE ]; loadarray(atom); // calls showarray(atom); cout << endl<<endl; } // end main()

NestedStructures • struct Date • { int month; • int day; • int year; }; • struct vital_Data • { char name[15]; • char dept[10]; • int ID; • Date birth; // Date must be previously defined • double payrate; • }; *

Nested Structures vital_Data Courtney; // declaration of an object • // assignments of data to an object • Courtney.name = “Lawrence”; • Courtney.dept = “personnel”; • Courtney.ID = 1234; • Courtney.birth = {10, 25, 87}; // this is a struct • Coutrney.payrate = 12.75;

Nested Structures • 1. Write the cin statements for thedepartment and the birthday. • 2. Write the cout statements for thedepartment and the birthday.

Nested Structures • void loadarray(vital_Data personnel[ARR_SIZE ]) • { • for(int ndx = 1; ndx < ARR_SIZE ; ndx++) • { cout << "\nEnter the name: "; • cin >> • cout << "Enter the department: "; • cin >> • cout << "Enter the id# and the payrate: "; • cin >> >> • cout << "Enter the birth date (dd mm yy) "; • cin >> • >> • >> } } personnel[ndx].name; personnel[ndx].dept; personnel[ndx].ID personnel[ndx].payrate; personnel[ndx].birth.day personnel[ndx].birth.month personnel[ndx].birth.year; * * * * *

Formatted Output • ID# name department birthday payrate • 1234 Lawrence personnel 10/ 5/87 12.75 • 765 Newman shipping 2/29/59 3.11 cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed | ios::right); for(int ndx = 0; ndx < ARR_SIZE ; ndx++) cout << '\n' << setw(5) << setprecision(0) << personnel[ndx].ID << setw(12) << personnel[ndx].name << setw(11) << personnel[ndx].dept << setw(5) << personnel[ndx].birth.day <<'/' << setw(2) << personnel[ndx].birth.month <<'/' << setw(2) << personnel[ndx].birth.year << setw(7) << setprecision(2) << personnel[ndx].payrate;

Structure vs. Class • By default: • struct have public member variables • class have private member variables

Class • Class syntax: • class Classname • { • public: • list of function prototypes • private: • list of private variable declarations • };

Class • An example: • class Date • { • public: • private: • int day; • int month; • int year; • };

Imagination • is more important • than knowledge. • Albert Einstein

Structures - Part II aggregate operations arrays of type struct nested structures