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Arthropods

Learn about the fascinating world of arthropods, including crustaceans, spiders, and insects. Discover their segmented bodies, tough exoskeletons, jointed appendages, and diverse feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction mechanisms. Explore the characteristics and growth of crustaceans, spiders and their relatives, and insects, including their unique ways of molting and undergoing metamorphosis.

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Arthropods

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  1. Arthropods Crustaceans, Spiders and Insects

  2. What is an Arthropod? • Arthropods are the most successful phylum on the planet! • 750,000 species • Arthropods have • Segmented body • Tough exoskeleton • Jointed appendages

  3. Form and Function • Feeding – complex mouthparts to eat a wide range of food • Respiration • Land – air enters through spiracles – holes in the side of the body. • Water – gills or book gills • Circulation– open circulatory system – open sinuses • Excretion – Malpighian tubules – saclike organ that combines urine and waste together • Response – have a brain! Sophisticated eyes and taste receptors • Movement – have muscles…can flex and extend • Reproduction – internal or external reproduction depending on the species

  4. Groups of Arthropods • Crustaceans – primarily aquatic Examples: crabs, shrimps, crayfishesand pillbugs. Characteristics: • Two pairs of antennae • 2 or 3 body sections –Cephalothorax/Abdomen • Chewing mouthparts called mandibles

  5. Growth and Development • Molting – when arthropods outgrow their exoskeleton Steps to molting 1. skin glands digest inner part of exoskeleton 2. other glands create a new exoskeleton 3. animal pulls itself out of old skeleton 4. While new skeleton is soft – animal fills it with air to allow for growth

  6. Groups of Arthropods • 2. Spiders and their relatives • Characteristics • No antennae • Cephalothorax and abdomen • 2 pairs of mouthpart appendages • Chelicerae – fangs to stab and paralyze prey • Pedipalps – grab prey • Spiders are in the class Arachnida • Spiders have no jaws so they liquify their prey • Scorpions are found in warm climates. The abdomen has a stinger that can kill and paralyze prey.

  7. Groups of Arthropods • 3. Insects – • There are 3 classes of Insects • 1. Chilopoda – centipedes • 2. Diplopoda – millipedes • 3. Insecta – the insects • Centipedes – • each body segment has one pair of legs • carnivores • live beneath rocks or in the soil 2. Millipedes – each body segment has two pairs of legs Dragon Millipede – produces cyanide when threatened.

  8. Insects, Cont’d. • Insects have a body divided into three parts • Head – antennae and eyes • Thorax - three pairs of legs, wings • Abdomen – stinger or poison gland

  9. Insect Reproduction • Insects undergo metamorphosis – a process of changing shape and form. • Incomplete Metamorphosis – Young (called nymphs) look very much like the adults. Examples: Grasshoppers

  10. Insect Reproduction 2. Complete metamorphosis – dramatic change in body form. Eggs—Larvae—Pupa—Adult • Examples: bees, moths, beetles, butterflies, flies

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