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Medieval Japan

Medieval Japan. Section 2 Vocabulary. Heian – A.D. 794 new capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu samurai – warriors who fought to protect land and enforce laws for nobles of Japan Minamoto Yoritomo – defeated the Taira clan in1185 Kamakura – town where shogun headquarters was located

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Medieval Japan

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  1. Medieval Japan Section 2 Vocabulary Heian – A.D. 794 new capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu samurai – warriors who fought to protect land and enforce laws for nobles of Japan Minamoto Yoritomo– defeated the Taira clan in1185 Kamakura – town where shogun headquarters was located Ashikaga Takauji – general who turned against the emperor and made himself shogun in 1333 daimyo – military lord who ruled small territories during the rule of Ashikaga shogunate – were loyal to the emperor vassals – samurai who gave oath of loyalty to his daimyo in times of war in return for land feudalism – bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal

  2. Defeated the Taira clan in 1185 Minamoto Yoritomo samurai who gave oath of loyalty to his daimyo vassals bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal feudalism capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu Heian

  3. Medieval Japan Section 2 Notes Nara, Japan during A.D. 700s Japan had strong central govt at Nara. Nara was center of govt & religion (Buddhism). Nara so important A.D. 700s is called the Nara Period Emperor’s govt after Prince Shotoku govt. officials organized in ranks (levels) – they did not use exam to hire officials like China – jobs given to nobles from powerful families. The job was then passed on within their family Emperor’s power came from his control of land and crops. They did a census and, based on census results, land holders had to pay taxes (rice or silk) to emperor All men counted in census had to serve in the army

  4. Medieval Japan Section 2 Notes Buddhism in Japan Buddhism came to Japan from Korea in A.D. 500s. By A.D. 700 it was a major religion and played a role in govt. and society Buddhism became so popular that non-Buddhist nobles began to fight for control of govt. from Buddhist nobles Buddhism so powerful a Buddhist monk tried to take control of govt from the emperor but was stopped by emperor’s family & other nobles. Because of this attack, the emperor left Nara.

  5. Center of government and religion in Japan A.D. 700 Nara Who was given govt. jobs in Japan? Wealthy nobles How did emperor gain power Control of land and crops What country brought Buddhism to Japan? Korea

  6. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes • in 800s emperor power weakens due to: • Weak emperors (often kids who had regents rule for them) Regents, most from Fujiwara clan, ruled while emperors studied Buddhism and wrote poetry • Nobles gained control of most of land in provinces because govt gave nobles land to pay them for their work • Nobles also allowed to keep new land they settled farmers on • Nobles did not have to pay taxes but could collect taxes from the peasants working the land

  7. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes • Samurai “to serve” • Private army of warriors who agreed to: • Protect the land of nobles • Enforce laws for the nobles In return samurai received land Samurai lived by a strict code of conduct called Bushido “way of the warrior”

  8. In war they fought on horseback using swords, daggers, bows and arrows. They wore armor of leather or steel scales laced together with silk cords.Their helmets had horns or crests and they wore masks designed to be terrifying Samurai – “to serve”

  9. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes Bushido – Samurai code of conduct DEMANDED: • Samurai be devoted to his master • Be courageous • Loyal • Honorable • Not care for wealth Samurai would rather die in battle than betray his lord It would be a disgrace to be captured

  10. Samurai agreed to protect noble land and law and they got ____________ in return land Samurai code of conduct is called ______________ Bushido

  11. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes Shogun – commander of all emperors military forces By 1100s powerful Japanese families fighting each other over land, and control of emperor and his govt. They fought using their samurai armies. Gempei War Began in 1180 – was a civil war between 2 most powerful clans – Taira family and Minamoto family. In 1185 Minamoto family won. The leader of Minamoto family was Minamoto Yoritomo.The emperor rewarded him in order to keep him loyal. He gave him the title Shogun so he wouldn’t try to take the place of Yamato family as rulers.

  12. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes Giving Minamoto title of Shogun created two govt in Japan. Emperor stayed in Haian and was the official head but he now had no power. Shogun set up his own shogunate govt in Kamakura. For the next 700 years Japan run by shoguns The shogun appointed samurai to serve as advisors and run the provinces. Samurai lords: ruled the villages, kept the peace and collected taxes

  13. Commander of all emperors military forces shogun Gempei War ____________ was the civil war between the Taira & Minamoto family Minamoto The_______________ family won the Gempei War.

  14. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes Mongols Attack – In 1274 and 1281 Kublai Khan, from China, sent ships and warriors to invade Japan. Both times China was defeated because of typhoons. The Japanese named the typhoons kamikaze “divine wind” to honor the spirits that saved their islands. The Kamikaze pilots who deliberately crashed into planes during WWII were named after these typhoons.

  15. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes Kamakura shogunate falls – By 1333 many samurai were resentful & poor. They divided their land among their sons the land they owned became smaller & smaller. Without enough land samurai became poor. They began to loose loyalty to the shogun because he did not give them enough land. In 1331 emperor rebelled against shogun and many samurai came to help the emperor. The rebellion did not succeed because the emperor would not give samurai more land. After the rebellion Ashikaga Takauji became the new shogun and his new govt was called Ashikaga shogunate

  16. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes Ashikaga shogunate – Began in 1333. The Ashikaga were weak rulers and revolts broke out across Japan. Japan divided into territories that were headed by military lords called diamyo Diamyo – Pledged loyalty to emperor and Kamakura shogunate but ruled their lands as independent kingdoms. They even had their own armies made up of samurai warriors Samurai who gave oath of loyalty to a diamyo became vassals in return samurai received land – more land then they got from the shogun. The bond between lord and vassal = feudalism

  17. Medieval Japan Section 1 Notes Breakdown of the central govt – The central govt was in ruins as Japan’s warriors fought each other. 1467-1477 Onin War For 100 years after Onin War many shoguns tried to unite Japan but daimyo stopped them. In 1567 Ashikaga shogunate was defeated.

  18. Daimyo Under the Shogun Under the Both Draw this Venn Diagram in your notes and then use your book and/or notes to write two details for each section YOU HAVE 15 MINUTES – Use your time wisely

  19. Daimyo Under the Shogun Under the • Japan divided into territories • Each territory ruled by a diamyo Both • United Japan • One shogun ruled entire central govt • Leaders pledged loyalty to emperor • Samurai exchanged loyalty for land

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