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RFID and Positioning

RFID and Positioning. Outline. RFID Introduction Indoor Localization RFID positioning Algorithm LANDMARC RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes RFID application. Outline. RFID Introduction Indoor Localization RFID positioning Algorithm LANDMARC RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes

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RFID and Positioning

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  1. RFID and Positioning

  2. Outline • RFID Introduction • Indoor Localization • RFID positioning Algorithm • LANDMARC • RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes • RFID application

  3. Outline • RFID Introduction • Indoor Localization • RFID positioning Algorithm • LANDMARC • RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes • RFID application

  4. RFID • Automatic identification technology • Transponder, interigator, antennaReaderRF

  5. Characteristics • No line-of-sight required • Multiple simultaneous reads • Long read range(active tag) • Long life span • Very low cost • No (so) orientation sensitive

  6. RFID Localization • An important application of RFID • Localization (warehouse, shipping container, ……)

  7. Outline • RFID Introduction • Indoor Localization • RFID positioning Algorithm • LANDMARC • RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes • RFID application

  8. Indoor Localization • Infrared • Active Badge • IR emitter communicate with a network of sensors in the building • Line-of-sight required, transmission range is short • IEEE 802.11 • RADAR • Combine empirical measurement and signal strength modeling to determine location • NIC needed, not practical for small device

  9. Indoor Localization • Ultrasonic • Cricket Location Support System & Active Bat Location System • Use time-of-arrival to measure distances • High accuracy, expensive • RFID • LANDARC • Use RFID tags as reference tags • Coarse accuracy, 2-D

  10. Outline • RFID Introduction • Indoor Localization • RFID positioning Algorithm • LANDMARC • RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes • RFID application

  11. LANDMARC 本圖取自”LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID”, Wireless Networks, Vol. 10, 701-710, 2004.

  12. LANDMARC Define : Signal Strength Vector of tracking tags Signal Strength Vector of reference tags • Methodology Suppose : n RF readers m reference tags u tracking tags

  13. LANDMARC Define : Euclidean distance in signal strength between a tracking tag and a reference tag j When there are m reference tags, a tracking tag has its E vector as

  14. LANDMARC • To determine the weights assigned to different neighbors • Tracking tag location:

  15. Outline • RFID Introduction • Indoor Localization • RFID positioning Algorithm • LANDMARC • RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes • RFID application

  16. Active Scheme Setup 本圖修改自“RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes”, Infocom 2007.

  17. Effective Reference Tag Set

  18. Effective Reference Tag Set

  19. Coordinate Calculation

  20. Compensate Degree of Irregularity • Problem • Diff. antenna gains and path loss in different directions • Imperfect circle • Solution • Low cost antenna array with multiple radiation elements • Superpose responses 本圖取改自“RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes”, Infocom 2007.

  21. Passive SchemeDetails

  22. Outline • RFID Introduction • Indoor Localization • RFID positioning Algorithm • LANDMARC • RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes • Conclusion

  23. Conclusion • LANDMARC Advantage: • No need for a large number of expensive RFID reader. • Environmental dynamic can easily be accommodated. • Location information is more accurate and reliable.

  24. Conclusion • Although active RFID is not designed for accurate indoor location sensing, LANDMARC approach does show that active RFID is a viable cost-effective candidate for indoor location sensing. • Three problem : • SSI & Power level • Long latency • Variation of the behavior of tags

  25. Conclusion • Proposed two 3-D positioning schemes • Both schemes are based on nonlinear optimization methods 本圖取改自“RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes”, Infocom 2007.

  26. Reference [1] LIONEL M. NI, YUNHAO LIU, YIU CHO LAU, ABHISHEK P. PATIL, “LANDMARC: indoor location sensing using active RFID ”, in PerCom 2003 [2] Chong Wang, Hongyi Wu, and Nian-Feng Tzeng, “RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes”, in INFOCOM 2007

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