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Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation with Excluded Primes. László Babai Daniel Štefankovič. Dirichlet (1842) Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation. Given reals. and . integers. such that and . for all . trivial. Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation
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Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation with Excluded Primes László Babai Daniel Štefankovič
Dirichlet (1842) Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation Given reals and integers such that and for all trivial
Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation with an excluded prime Given reals prime ? and integers and such that for all
Simultaneous diophantine -approximation excluding Not always possible Example If then
Simultaneous diophantine -approximation excluding obstacle with 2 variables If then
Simultaneous diophantine -approximation excluding general obstacle If then
Simultaneous diophantine -approximation excluding Theorem: If there is no -approximation excluding then there exists an obstacle with Kronecker’s theorem (): Arbitrarily good approximation excluding possible IFF no obstacle.
Simultaneous diophantine -approximation excluding obstacle with necessary to prevent -approximation excluding sufficient to prevent -approximation excluding
Motivating example Shrinking by stretching
Motivating example set arc length of A stretching by
Example of the motivating example A = 11-th roots of unity mod 11177
Example of the motivating example A = 11-th roots of unity mod 11177 168
Shrinking modulo a prime a prime If then every small set can be shrunk
Shrinking modulo a prime a prime there exists such that arc-length of proof: Dirichlet
Shrinking modulo any number every small set can be shrunk a prime ?
Shrinking modulo any number every small set can be shrunk a prime If then the arc-length of
Where does the proof break? proof: Dirichlet
Where does the proof break? need: approximation excluding 2 proof: Dirichlet
Shrinking cyclotomic classes every small set can be shrunk a prime set of interest – cyclotomic class (i.e. the set of r-th roots of unity mod m) • locally testable codes • diameter of Cayley graphs • Warring problem mod p • intersection conditions modulo p k k
Shrinking cyclotomic classes cyclotomic class can be shrunk
Shrinking cyclotomic classes cyclotomic class can be shrunk Show that there is no small obstacle!
Theorem: If there is no -approximation excluding then there exists an obstacle with
Lattice linearly independent
Lattice Dual lattice
Banasczyk’s technique (1992) gaussian weight of a set mass displacement function of lattice
Banasczyk’s technique (1992) mass displacement function of lattice properties:
Banasczyk’s technique (1992) discrete measure relationship between the discrete measure and the mass displacement function of the dual
Banasczyk’s technique (1992) discrete measure defined by the lattice
Banasczyk’s technique (1992) there is no short vector with coefficient of the last column
Banasczyk’s technique (1992) there is no short vector with coefficient of the last column obstacle QED
Lovász (1982) Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation Given rationals can find in polynomial time integers for all Factoring polynomials with rational coefficients.
Simultaneous diophantine -approximation excluding - algorithmic Given rationals ,prime can find in polynomial time -approximation excluding where is smallest such that there exists -approximation excluding
Exluding prime and bounding denominator If there is no -approximation excluding with then there exists an approximate obstacle with
Exluding prime and bounding denominator the obstacle necessary to prevent -approximation excluding with sufficient to prevent -approximation excluding with
Exluding several primes If there is no -approximation excluding then there exists obstacle with
Show that there is no small obstacle! k * m=7 m primitive 3-rd root of unity know obstacle
Show that there is no small obstacle! divisible by There is g with all 3-rd roots
Algebraic integers? possible that a small integer combination with small coefficients is doubly exponentially close to 1/p