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The First People of North America

Terms For Chapter 2. Archaeologists

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The First People of North America

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    1. The First People of North America Chapter 2

    2. Terms For Chapter 2 Archaeologists – scientists who study artifacts. Artifacts – objects from the past that contribute to our understanding of prehistoric cultures. Prehistoric – the period of time before written history. Culture – a way of life shared by people with similar arts, beliefs, and customs.

    3. Where did the Native Americans come from? A land bridge once connected Asia with North America The land bridge is where the Bering Strait is now

    4. Paleo Period Lived approximately 10,000 years ago Nomadic (moved a lot) hunters Hunted big game: woolly mammoths, large bison, wild horses, moose, and elk. Animals used for food, clothing and tools Used wooden sticks with rocks attached for spears.

    5. Archaic Period Lived around 8000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. Possible first culture of Georgia Developed improved techniques for fishing, gathering and hunting Made tools from stones, including the stone axe Less mobile, lived in shelters, established villages and a trade system

    6. Woodland Period Lived from around 1000 B.C. to A.D. 800 Developed agriculture/farming Planted and harvested sunflowers, squash, gourds, beans, and maize (type of corn) Developed the bow and arrow Built villages with protective walls Made earth mounds like those at Rock Eagle and Kolomoki

    7. Mississippian Period Grew two important crops received from Mexico: corn and beans Three main staples: squash, corn and beans This group developed into civilizations Had towns with buildings for gatherings European explorers first made contact with this culture

    8. What are the features of a civilization? Cities that are centers of trade Specialized jobs for different people Organized forms of government and religion A system of records keeping Advanced tools

    9. Why Did The Mississippian Culture Die Off? Tuberculosis Other diseases brought by the Europeans

    10. A Few More Terms Hierarchies – levels of importance Anthropologist – study the science of human beings through their physical characteristics, culture, and environment Confederacy – a group of people that band together for political or military strength Matrilineal – tracing ancestry through the mother’s family Clan – a group of people with common ancestry

    11. Creek Confederacy Largest group in the Southeast Also known as the Muskogee Lived in large family compounds Had buildings for ceremonial and political functions Children were related to the mother’s clan Chief: ruled the town/Elders: town council Green Corn ceremony – giving thanks for the new crop

    12. Cherokee Second largest group of Native Americans in GA Very much the same as the Creek Believed in keeping harmony and balance in the world No chief or elders – council meetings were run democratically (vote) Cherokee only went to war for revenge

    13. Seminole Most lived in Florida, but a small number were in Southwest GA Seminole means “free people” Very similar to the Creek

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