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Human Uses of Plants Paper

Human Uses of Plants Paper. Vinnaypal Gill Mayank Kaushal SBI3U0 Ms.Tran. The Source. Some paper is made brand-new from trees, either small trees harvested just for that purpose, or from sawmill scraps left over when larger trees are made into lumber.

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Human Uses of Plants Paper

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  1. Human Uses of PlantsPaper Vinnaypal Gill MayankKaushal SBI3U0 Ms.Tran

  2. The Source • Some paper is made brand-new from trees, either small trees harvested just for that purpose, or from sawmill scraps left over when larger trees are made into lumber. • A second source of papermaking material is recycled fiber. • Each year, more and more paper is recycled - its fibers are used a second, third or fourth time.

  3. Which Part? • Many types of wood can be used to make paper. The two main types are hardwood such as oak, and softwood, such as pine. • But only specific parts of the tree are harvested to make different types of paper, which is Heartwood. • Heartwood is the innermost part of the trunk, and even though it isn't alive, it provides the tree with strength and structure.

  4. Natural History • The first paper-like substance was invented by the Egyptians over 6,000 years ago. • Papyrus, which is the root of our English word paper, was made by weaving reeds or other fibrous plants together and pounding them into a flat sheet. • Today, the world consumes about 300 million tons of paper each year. Most of that paper is made from virgin pulp. • But recycled paper accounts for 38 percent of the world’s total fiber supply and non-wood fibers from plants like hemp or kenaf, make up 7 percent.

  5. Environmental Impact • Unfortunately, the papermaking process is not a clean one. • According to the U.S. Toxic Release Inventory report published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pulp and paper mills are among the worst polluters to air, water and land of any industry in the country. • Each year millions of pounds of highly toxic chemicals such as toluene, methanol, chlorine dioxide, hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde are released into the air and water from papermaking plants around the world, which is harmful to human life. • Papermaking also uses up vast quantities of trees.

  6. How’s It Made • Different woods make different paper • For example hardwoods (oaks and maple) make paper that is smooth and better for writing but weaker than softwood paper (pine and spruce) which is strong and better for things such as shipping packages

  7. How’s It Made • Foresters cut down the trees and sent them to paper mills.

  8. How It’s Made 2. A DEBARKER removes the bark.

  9. How It’s Made • 3. A CHIPPER chops wood into little pieces

  10. How It’s Made • 4. The chips move to the DIGESTER where they are made into pulp using chemicals and steam

  11. How It’s Made • 5. Pulp is moved to WASHER to remove chemicals and contaminants

  12. How It’s Made • 6. FOURDRINIER forms pulp fibers into mat of paper and drains water.

  13. How It’s Made • 7. PRESSERS and DRYERS remove excess water.

  14. How It’s Made • 8. SIZE PRESS fills gaps in paper using additives.

  15. How It’s Made • 9. CALENDAR ROLLS press the sheets to create a smoother texture.

  16. How It’s Made • 10. The REELER collects and rolls paper

  17. How It’s Made • 11. SPLITTER cuts rolls into smaller sizes. • Rolls are further processed and the paper is cut into useable sizes.

  18. References • http://fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/apr99/paper/paper1.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGH7kQ30SKo • http://www.forestprod.org/cdromdemo/pf/pf8.html • http://www.tappi.org/paperu/all_about_paper/papermade.htm

  19. References* • http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/june2011/papermill.htm • http://paperproject.org/paperfacts.html • http://www.id2.ca/downloads/eco-design-paper-facts.pdf • http://www.cwac.net/paper_industry/

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