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Levels of processing

Levels of processing. www.psychlotron.org.uk. An alternative to the multistore model Emphasises memory process rather than structure Based on the idea that the strength of a memory trace is determined by how the original info was processed. Shallow processing. Deep processing. Structural.

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Levels of processing

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  1. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • An alternative to the multistore model • Emphasises memory process rather than structure • Based on the idea that the strength of a memory trace is determined by how the original info was processed

  2. Shallow processing Deep processing Structural Phonological Semantic Weak memory trace Strong memory trace Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk

  3. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • Incoming stimuli pass through a series of analysing mechanisms • Memory traces are a product of how stimuli are analysed • Strength of trace depends on: • Attention paid to stimulus • Depth of processing carried out • Connections with existing knowledge

  4. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • Different levels of processing: • Structural – appearance • Phonological – auditory/sound • Semantic – meaning • Structural is the shallowest, semantic is the deepest

  5. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • The basic prediction of the LOP approach is that the amount of info pps will recall/recognise will depend on how deeply the experimental stimuli were processed

  6. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • Elias & Perfetti (1973) • PPs had greater recognition of words they had thought of similes for (semantic) than word they had thought of rhymes for (phono) • Craik & Tulving (1975) • Highest recognition of semantically processes stimuli, followed by phono, followed by structural

  7. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • Morris et al (1977) • Semantic processing was not always best; it depended on how recall was measured: • Recognition – semantic best • Rhyming recognition – phono best

  8. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • Influential model that focused researchers on processes that they had tended to neglect • The idea that the nature of a memory trace depends on encoding processes is well supported

  9. Levels of processing www.psychlotron.org.uk • Many different variables involved in determining how a stimulus is processed: • Depth • Spread • Elaboration • Distinctiveness • Very difficult to isolate these variables experimentally

  10. LOP and revision www.psychlotron.org.uk • You will recall more if you use… • Depth – make sure you understand & make connections between the topics & ideas • Spread – use several different techniques on the material • Elaboration – mental effort is required to store material effectively • Distinctiveness – make the material your own

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