1 / 71

Understanding Locomotion & Regulation in Human Body

Explore the skeletal system, muscles, connective tissues, and nervous system regulating locomotion and movement within the human body. Learn about bones, cartilage, joints, muscle types, and the structure of neurons. Discover how the brain controls voluntary and involuntary activities and the different parts of the nervous system involved. Gain insights into the complexity of human movement and coordination.

wperkins
Download Presentation

Understanding Locomotion & Regulation in Human Body

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. LOCOMOTION & REGULATION

  2. Locomotion • Locomotion is the ability of an organism to move from one place to another. • Why would organisms carry out locomotion? • Motile = capable of locomotion • Sessile = organisms NOT capable of locomotion

  3. Locomotive System • The locomotive system consists of a skeletal system, muscular system and a nervous system.

  4. Human Skeletal System

  5. Skeletal System • Humans have 206 bones • Babies have MORE • Bones are made of calcium and phosphorus • Bones support and protect body structures • Can be endoskeletal OR exoskeletal • Osteoporosis is loss of bone mass due to lack of calcium

  6. Cartilage • Found between bones • Acts as a cushion between bones • A developing embryo has cartilage instead of bone • Gives ears and nose their shape • Arthritis is deteriorating cartilage

  7. Muscles • Humans have over 300 muscles • Muscles work by contracting (shortening) or by relaxing • Muscles are found as opposing pairs • Flexors-contract (ex. Bicep) • Extensors-relax/expand (ex. Tricep)

  8. Flexor and Extensor

  9. Types of Muscle • There are three types of muscle cells • Skeletal • Cardiac • Smooth

  10. Skeletal Muscle • Skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle • Found surrounding bones • Looks striped • Controls voluntary movements

  11. Skeletal Muscle

  12. Cardiac Muscle • Cardiac muscle is found in the heart • Cardiac muscles are involuntary, but look like striated muscle

  13. Smooth Muscle • Smooth muscle is also called visceral muscle • Found in the walls of internal organs • Control involuntary movements • Ex. Stomach, Small intestine, arteries, lymph vessels, etc…

  14. Connective Tissue • There are three kinds of connective tissues that connect bones and muscles together. • Ligaments • Tendons • Joints

  15. Ligaments • Ligaments • Connect bone to bone • Think “L” for Ligament • A sprain is an over stretched ligament

  16. Tendons • Connects muscles to bones • Tendonitis is an inflammation of a tendon

  17. Joints • Where two bones meet • 3 kinds of joints • Immovable (fixed) • Hinge • Ball and socket • Gliding • Pivot

  18. Joints • Immovable • No movement • Found in cranium/skull

  19. Joints • Hinge • Movement back and forth • Found in elbow and knee

  20. Joints • Ball and socket • Movement in all directions • Found in shoulder and hip

  21. Joints • Gliding • Limited movement in all directions • Found in wrist and ankle

  22. Joints • Pivot • Limited rotation • Found in the neck

  23. Skeletal Structures • Exoskeleton • Protective covering outside the body • Provides a surface for muscular attachment • Made of chitin • Can be thin and light (insects) or thick and heavy (lobster) • Molting is losing exoskeleton to allow for body growth

  24. Exoskeleton

  25. Protist • Amoeba • Paramecium • Euglena • Whip-like tail called a

  26. Hydra • They are SESSILE, but fibers allow a somersault-type movement (like a slinky)

  27. Earthworm • Earthworms have setae (little bristles) that stick into the ground like anchors to allow locomotion, segment by segment • Muscles are attached to each pair of setae

  28. Setae

  29. Grasshopper • Have jointed appendages • Have wings • Have muscles inside the exoskeleton

  30. What makes your muscles move? • What organs allow you to respond to your environment?

  31. Regulation • Define regulation. • What part of your body carries out regulation?

  32. The Nervous System • Consists of • CNS • Central Nervous System • Brain and Spinal cord • PNS • Peripheral Nervous System • All nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

  33. C.N.S.

  34. P.N.S.

  35. The Nervous System • Parts of a nervous system • Brain • Nerve Cells called Neurons

  36. Brain

  37. Brain

  38. Brain • Made up of 2 halves • Weighs about 3 pounds • Protected by _________________ • Made up of neurons

  39. Brain • Made up of 3 parts • 1. Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex • Controls thinking, memory, reasoning, imagination, personality, site of consciousness • Interprets what your 5 senses detect

  40. Brain • 2. Cerebellum • Controls voluntary movements (motor activities) • Controls balance and coordination

  41. Brain • 3. Medulla • Controls involuntary activities • Such as breathing, digestion, heartbeat, hormone production, etc… • Called brain stem and connects to the spinal cord

  42. Neuron • A neuron is a nerve cell • They send and receive chemical and electrical messages, called impulses.

  43. Neuron

  44. Parts of a neuron • Dendrites • Receive impulses • Cyton • Cell body-contains nucleus • Axon • Carries impulses away from cyton • Myelin • Fatty covering on the axon that increases speed of electrical impulse • Terminal Branches • End point of a neuron that sends messages to dendrites of next neuron

  45. Synapse • The synapse is the gap between two neurons.

  46. Close-up of synapse • Neurotransmitters-chemicals secreted into synapse

More Related