1 / 14

The Rise of Nazism Lecture 11 10 April 2012

HIST2133. The Weimar Republic through Documents, 1918-1933. The Rise of Nazism Lecture 11 10 April 2012. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). * 20 April 1889 , Braunau am Inn (Austria) 1895 in Linz (Lower Austria) 1903 in Vienna (capital of A-H) 1913 in Munich (Bavaria, Germany)

wren
Download Presentation

The Rise of Nazism Lecture 11 10 April 2012

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HIST2133. The Weimar Republic through Documents, 1918-1933 The Rise of Nazism Lecture 11 10 April 2012

  2. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) • * 20 April 1889, Braunau am Inn (Austria) • 1895 in Linz(Lower Austria) • 1903 in Vienna (capital of A-H) • 1913 in Munich(Bavaria, Germany) • 1914-18 in World War I (Bavarian army) • 1919 with DAP in Munich: Member No. 55 (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei = German Workers’ Party)

  3. Common Prejudices vs. Jews • Deeply rooted in Christian religion • Fears of Jewish world conspiracy + dominance • Jews seen as alien elements / parasites / bacillus + enemies to ‘Aryan race’ + hostile to nation’s ‘healthy body’

  4. How Many German Jews lived in Germany in 1933? Ca. 500,000 German Jews (1933) + + an unknown number of people of Jewish descent 65,362,000 million Germans (1933) = 0,77 % Jews

  5. Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei (DAP)German Workers’ Party • Tiny right-wing party in Munich, Bavaria, created during post-war period (1919) • Twenty-Five Point Program(24 Feb 1920): Combining nationalist, socialist, anti- capitalist, anti-Semitic ideas • Hitler increasingly dominating figure with small closed-up circle of staff

  6. NSDAP • DAP renamed (1920/1) Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei = National Socialist German Workers’ Party: → Swastika (Hakenkreuz) as party emblem + Völkischer Beobachter (‘Racial Observer’) as major party organ • Hitler first chairman (29 Jul 1921 → Strong powers → Major group of supporters: Rosenberg, Hess, Göring, Amann

  7. Mein Kampf (1) • Munich Beer Hall Putsch 8/9 Nov 1923: → Hitler’s + Ludendorff’s failed attempt to establish rightist dictatorship in Germany → call for ‘March to Berlin’ from Munich → Hitler & others arrested • Hitler sentenced to 5 years in jail but sits only 9 months in Landsberg prison = Book Mein Kampf (‘My struggle’), 1925-6: The ‘Bible of National Socialism’ = Zweites Buch (‘Second Book’), 1928: Mostly on foreign politics

  8. Mein Kampf (2) ► Four types of states: Voluntary, liberal- democratic, nationalist, racial ► Major concerns of state: race, cleanness of race, modern birth control, sports, army, racial knowledge, patriotism & national pride

  9. Mein Kampf (3) Three types of human beings globally: • Founders of civilization (Kulturbegründer): Aryans: Germanics + North Americans • Bearers of civilization (Kulturträger): Japanese + Orientals / Asians • Destroyers of civilization (Kulturzerstörer): Jews + ‘Gypsies’ + Africans, etc.

  10. Mein Kampf (4) • Economic theories: • Breaking of interest-slavery (Zinsknechtschaft) • National self-sufficiency + Economic independence = Autarchy (Autarkie) • National state capitalism

  11. Mein Kampf (5) Jews: • In strong contrast to Aryans • No own but only borrowed culture • Nakedly egoistic + parasites • Judaism not religion but race • Seek to destroy Germans + Germany • Responsible for both Capitalism + Marxism (‘the Modernity’)

  12. Mein Kampf (6) • Violently, extremely nationalist text • Anti-Marxist, anti-Bolshevist but ‘truly’ socialist • Race (Rasse) as guiding principle: Anti-Semitic • Darwinist theory of struggle → Social Darwinism (Survival of the fittest) • Anti-liberal, anti-parliamentary, anti-Catholic, anti-French • Peoples’ community (Volksgemeinschaft) • Autarchy& living space (Lebensraum)

  13. NSDAP (1925) ‘New founding’ with Hitler’s come-back (1925) with 3 principles: • Putsch replaced by legal tactics to achieve mobilisation of masses • Centralised organisation to separate her clearly from other völkisch & nationalist parties + to place SA under Hitler • Absolute obedient tool of Führer (leader) H as party dictator

  14. NSDAP typical features • Creation of special ‘milieu’ to form party into microcosm of German society → many support organisations for workers, students, artists, intellectuals, farmers, etc. • Launching of mass propaganda actions: Young Plan + global economic crisis (1929)

More Related