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TEXT STRUCTURE

TEXT STRUCTURE. REFERS TO THE WAYS THAT AUTHORS ORGANIZE INFORMATION IN TEXT. What is a text structure?. A way for the author to organize the text so the reader understands the message. What is a text structure?. Builders can use different kinds of structures to build different things

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TEXT STRUCTURE

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  1. TEXT STRUCTURE REFERS TO THE WAYS THAT AUTHORS ORGANIZE INFORMATION IN TEXT.

  2. What is a text structure? • A way for the author to organize the text so the reader understands the message.

  3. What is a text structure? • Builders can use different kinds of structures to build different things • A skyscraper, for example, is a different kind of structure from a house

  4. What is a text structure? • Writers use different structures to build their ideas • Each text structure communicates ideas in a different way

  5. Examples • Fiction • Story Elements: • Character • Setting • Conflict/Resolution • Plot • Non – Fiction • Cause and Effect • Sequence • Problem/Solution • Description • Compare and Contrast

  6. Why do we need to learn about Text Structures? • Because nonfiction texts are not built like narrative texts (no rising action, plot, etc.) T-Chart Venn Diagram

  7. TextStructure How text is organized. • ALL stories are chronological. • Nonfiction has lots of text structures. • Each paragraph may be different. We’ll learn 5 types.

  8. What are the 5 Kinds of Text Structures? • Chronological • Sequence • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Problem and Solution

  9. What are the 5 Kinds of Text Structures? • Sequence (Chronological and Order of Importance) • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Problem and Solution • Descriptive

  10. Chronological order • Authors use chronological order to explain how things happen in order • Chronological order is also called sequence or time order

  11. Chronological order • You will know that you are reading a text in chronological order because you will see words like first, next, later, then, and finally

  12. Chronological Example In order of time Chrono = time Stories are told chronologically Moved Away Met Girl Fell in Love Born in 1882 Married in 1906 Died in 1948

  13. Sequence / Order of Importance Steps described in the order they occur. Get bread Tighten Laces Open jars Tie Loops Together Spread peanut butter Make Two Loops Spread jelly Combine slices Put on Shoe Enjoy. Does not take place at any specific point in time.

  14. What is Sequence?

  15. Sequential Order • Texts that follow this structure tell the order in which steps in a process or series of events occur. • Questions to Consider • What happened? • What is the sequence of events? • What are the sub-stages? • Graphic Organizers • Flow Map • Multi-flow Map • Timeline

  16. Sequential Order Signal Words

  17. Sequence Appendix 3 Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4 Event 5

  18. Another text structure • Sometimes, a writer will want to explain how one event leads to another • This kind of text structure is called cause and effect

  19. What is Cause and Effect?

  20. Cause and Effect Explains reasons why something happened. Or explains the effects of something. Text is not telling the story of a dog. Many Karate Schools Opened. Not feeding it. Nun chuck sales Increased 400% Lots of Karate Movies in 60’s Not petting it. Why Dog Ran Away Hospital cases went up. Not loving it.

  21. What are some signal words for Cause and Effect? • on account of • as a result • due to • consequently • since • because • thus • this led to

  22. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures!

  23. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures! This is the cause

  24. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures! This is the effect

  25. Cause and Effect Appendix 5

  26. Review • Which text structure tells about how things are similar and different? • Compare and contrast • Which text structure explains how things happen in time order? • Chronological order

  27. Problem and Solution Author states a problem and solution(s). Similar to cause and effect. Eagles were endangered. Make laws to protect them. Missing Books Basically & Effect With an Opinion.And an answer. Putting in the Closet Getting Lockers

  28. Another kind of text structure • Sometimes, an author will want to explain a problem, and then show one or more solutions • This kind of text structure is called problem and solution

  29. What is Problem and Solution?

  30. Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides. Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy. Can you find the problem and the solution in this paragraph? An example of problem and solution

  31. Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides.Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy. Here is the problem An example of problem and solution

  32. Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides.Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution.They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy. Here is the problem An example of problem and solution Here is the solution

  33. Problem and Solution Appendix 4

  34. Another text structure • Suppose an author wanted to explain how these two birds are similar and different • Chronological order wouldn’t work---there is no order of events • The author would need to use compare and contrast

  35. What is Compare and Contrast?

  36. Compare and Contrast Compare = find similarities Contrast = find differences Shows what’s in common and what’s different. Apples & Oranges Fruits Have Seeds Healthy Colors Tastes Locations

  37. What are some signal words for Compare and Contrast? Both but however nevertheless on the other hand in contrast different from the same like unlike

  38. Compare and contrast graphic organizer • To organize details from a paragraph in compare and contrast, use a Venn diagram

  39. Comparison Appendix 1 Differences Differences Similarities

  40. What is Description?

  41. Description paragraphs • In this kind of paragraph, the author offers a main idea statement, and then supports that statement with several details

  42. Descriptive paragraphs The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance.

  43. Description paragraphs Main idea The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance.

  44. Description paragraphs Main idea The pond was a beautiful place to visit.The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance. All of the other sentences explain why the main idea is true

  45. Description Appendix 2

  46. Resources • Emily Kissner • http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest11441-142494-text-structure-power-point-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/ • highmail.highlands.k12.fl.us/~deanc/textstructure.ppt • www.prc.k12.ms.us/docs/.../Teaching%20Text%20Structure.ppt

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