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U.S. Food Aid / P.L. 480 Title II Food for Peace - 101 Challenges and Opportunities

U.S. Food Aid / P.L. 480 Title II Food for Peace - 101 Challenges and Opportunities. USAID Office of Food for Peace Dale Skoric April 2008. Title I: Trade & Development Assistance USDA Title II: E mergency & Develop. Assistance USAID

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U.S. Food Aid / P.L. 480 Title II Food for Peace - 101 Challenges and Opportunities

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  1. U.S. Food Aid / P.L. 480 Title IIFood for Peace - 101Challenges and Opportunities USAID Office of Food for Peace Dale Skoric April 2008

  2. Title I: Trade & Development Assistance USDA Title II: Emergency & Develop. Assistance USAID Title III: Food For Development USAID Title V: Farmer to Farmer USAID Section 416(b): Surplus Donations USDA Emerson Trust: Emergencies USAID/USDA Food for ProgressUSDA McGovern-Dole Global Food for EducationUSDA U.S. Food Assistance - General Outline

  3. Program Context U.S. Government Food Aid Programs Major International Affairs Programs *Funds provided by Title II budget

  4. FFP’s Operating Environment – Many Stakeholders Food Processing Interests -Bagging, fortification, milling United Nations -WFP, FAO WTO FFP USDA/OMB Congress Also of note: FACG FAPC FAC PVOs U.S. Agribusiness U.S. Shipping Industry

  5. Legislative Context: Appropriations New Title II Funding Availability *Does not include MARAD reimbursements, carry-over funds, and deobligations from prior year agreements

  6. P.L. 480 Title II Budget: Commodity vs. Non-commodity

  7. Most Common Commodities Title II Commodities Ordered (FY 2007, metric tons)

  8. Types of Food for Peace Programming • Food Distributions - (e.g. free food distributions, food for work, food for training, etc) • Monetization Programs – food aid commodities shipped to a recipient country; tendered and sold; and proceeds used to fund programs

  9. Strategic Country approach / Non-Emergency Food Aid Non-Emergency Priority Countries • Funding prioritized to 19 countries for greatest impact • Open and transparent application process • Overall and country specific guidelines • Washington and field technical review committees • 120 Days requirement

  10. Direct distribution and food for work Prioritized based on magnitude, severity of needs Many operations in high risk environments Ten Largest Emergency Programs Emergency Food Aid Funding by Region

  11. Food Aid Operations Steps: • Assessment • Operational Design/Planning • Logistics • Integration

  12. Assessment – Key Issues • Basic questions: • Is food aid needed and why • For whom, where, when, how much • Assessment partners • Nature of shock • Causes of malnutrition • Coping strategies • Local response capacity • Gender • Seasonality

  13. Program Design – Key Issues • Food assistance strategy • Beneficiary selection • Appropriate interventions: • General food distribution • Supplementary/therapeutic • Monetization • Food basket, ration levels • Non-food inputs, partnerships • Management • Distribution mechanism • Monitoring, reporting, supervision • Contingency planning

  14. Food Aid Logistics – Key Issues • Port capacity • Import requirements • Transport routes • Road • Rail • River • Air • Cost effectiveness • Warehousing • Locations • Cost • Monitoring

  15. Integration - Food Aid and Foreign Assistance Reform U.S. Foreign Assistance was not Strategically Focused • 􀂃 Duplicative budgeting processes • 􀂃 Overlapping roles in Washington and the field • 􀂃 Inability to track funds and results centrally

  16. Foreign Assistance Framework (October 2006) Five Objectives of the Transformational Diplomacy Goal: • Peace & Security:To help nations effectively establish the conditions and capacity for achieving peace, security, and stability; and for responding effectively against arising threats to national or international security and stability • Governing Justly & Democratically:To promote and strengthen effective democracies in recipient states and move them along a continuum toward democratic consolidation • Investing in People:To help nations achieve sustainable improvements in the well-being and productivity of their populations through effective and accountable investments in education, health, and other social services • Economic Growth:To generate rapid, sustained, and broad-based economic growth • Humanitarian Assistance:To save lives, alleviate suffering, and minimize the economic costs of conflict, disasters and displacement.

  17. FEWS NET Provides decision makers with accurate, timely, and actionable information to prevent famine in Africa, Central America & Haiti, and Afghanistan

  18. Current and Future Issues • Commodity Price Increases • Farm Bill • WTO Doha • Renegotiation of the Food Aid Convention • More diversity and collective action among NGOs • Enhancing American leadership in food aid– but USG alone can’t meet all global food aid needs • A toolkit well suited to the challenges of global hunger and poverty • The public’s understanding and the policymakers’ responses

  19. Thank You and Questions

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