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Cerebellar Ataxia

Cerebellar Ataxia. Functional Role of the Cerebellum. It is only 10% of brain’s volum Contains > than half the total # of neurons in the brain. Regulates vestibular, spinal and cortical mechanism through reciprocal neuronal connections. Functional Role of the Cerebellum cont.

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Cerebellar Ataxia

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  1. Cerebellar Ataxia

  2. Functional Role of the Cerebellum • It is only 10% of brain’s volum • Contains > than half the total # of neurons in the brain. • Regulates vestibular, spinal and cortical mechanism through reciprocal neuronal connections.

  3. Functional Role of the Cerebellum cont. Participate in three systems: • Vestibulo-cerebellar system modulating vestibular influences on posture & eye movement. • Spino-cerebellar system regulating muscle tone, posture & locomotion. • Cerebro-cerebellar system regulating skilled movement.

  4. Leiner et al, 1993 showed a role of the cerebellum in perception, cognition & language. • It compares performance with motor signals from the cerebral cortex. • It contains complete motor & sensory representation of the body.

  5. Role of the Cerebellum • Initiation & control of voluntary movement. • Timing of movement/muscle action. • Moment-to-moment correction of errors. • Compensating for lesions of cerebral cortex. • Motor learning & adaptive adjustments.

  6. Etiology • Developmental abnormality (hydrocephalus or hypoxia at birth) • Traumatic brain injury. • Stroke. • Tumor or other space-occupying lesion. • Infection (encephalitis) • Demyelinating disease (Multiple sclerosis) • Familial or hereditary disease (Friedreich’s ataxia) • Degenerative disease. • Metabolic disease (myxoedema, Wilson’s disease) • Vascular disease (vertebro-basilar artery insufficiency) • Drug & alcohol intoxications.

  7. Clinical assessment, measurement & evaluation • Finger-to-finger & finger-to-nose • Heel-to-shin test • Rebound test • Rapid alternating movement • Romberg test for postural sway

  8. Tests of motor performance • Gait: Timed walking test, cadence & stride length measures. • Balance: FRT, Standing balance, TUG. • Spiral test • Nail test.

  9. Causes of motor impairment • Individual’s voluntary restriction of activity as an adaptation to motor control deficit. • Motor control

  10. Training objective of PT • Train optimal & effective performance of any actions with which the individual is having difficulty with.

  11. Training objective of PT • Train control during performance of functional movements • To increase complexity. • To set up a practice environment wich enables the person to develop more control (accuracy) during practice

  12. Training objective of PT • Train control during performance of functional movements, during: • Standing up • Sitting down • Walking • Reaching to point • Take an object

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