China's Historical Turning Points: Ming Dynasty's Fall, Opium Wars, and Taiping Rebellion

1. Review • What signaled that the Ming Dynasty lost the Mandate? • What “Dynasty” took over after the Ming Dynasty?

2. #2 - British ArriveChapter 28.1 • British arrive - set up trade port in Canton in south • British emerging as an Empire - win India • power of technology!

3. #2 - AIM: What impact did the Opium Wars have in China?

4. Concerns? What concerns did the West have with China’s trade policy in the early 1900’s – Qing Dynasty? • Unequal: China selling more goods to outside world - not allowing outside world to sell in China • For decades only the southern port of Canton was open for trade to the west.

5. Chinese Trade Policy • China only allowed foreigners to trade through one port – Canton • This created an imbalanced in trade

6. Sneaky Sneaky! British trick the Chinese into Trade but uses a harmful item! Opium used for medicinal purposes for years by Chinese. • Opium: habit forming narcotic made from poppy plant • British smuggle it into China • 1835: 12 million addicted in China

7. Chinese reaction!! Opium War [1839]: China v. Britain • Emperor asks Queen Victoria to force merchants to stop trading opium • Pleas went unanswered. • Chinese government arrested British opium dealers, broke into British-owned warehouses, confiscated the opium & destroyed it. • British retaliate.

8. War Begins • Opium War is at sea • Great Britain has a • Chinese ships no match for Britain’s steam powered gun boats – China defeated

9. The Peace Treaty • [1842] Treaty of Nanjing: • Britain gained Hong Kong, 5 new ports open for trade; receive “most favored nation status”, • China paid $20 million in fines or indemenities • No Tribute • [1844] Another Treaty Signed Extra-territorial rights given- foreigners not subject to Chinese law at the ports that are open for trade • These treaties became known as “The Unequal Treaties” • Creates resentment!

10. What internal problems did the Qing dynasty have ? • Chinese population grew! • 430 million by 1850… 30% gain in 60 years • Food Production could not meet demands – hunger widespread…unrest brewing • A rebellion is the result

11. What was the Taiping Rebellion [1851-1864]? Taiping= “Great Peace” Hong Ziuquan A Christian convert who saw himself as the brother of Jesus or the son of god • Build a new kingdom where everyone would share in the wealth • 1,000,000 peasants turned on their masters • Massive peasant army captured Nanking & made it their capital

12. Result of the Taiping Rule • Constant warring – Inefficient government • Taipings destroyed agricultural centers. • Major cultural centers lost masterpieces, imperial libraries were burned • Disaster – Yellow River changes course - floods the south

13. Qing (Manchu) get help from British and French • Great Britain & France give support in putting down the rebellion • 1864 – Taiping government collapses • The deadliest military conflict in recorded history • 20 million dead

14. ummmmm….pie