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Warm-ups

This text provides an overview of the skeletal and muscular systems, including their structures, functions, and interactions. It covers topics such as bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, joints, muscles, and the integumentary system (skin).

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Warm-ups

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  1. Warm-ups

  2. Agenda

  3. Three categories of systems • Structural – provide support, protection and movement to the body • Transport – provide the body with needed materials and move them throughout the body • Control – Send messages throughout the body to control movement, chemicals, and health

  4. SkeletalSystemBones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Tendons • Provide support for muscles so we can move • Protect organs (like brain, lungs, heart) • Store minerals (Magnesium and Calcium) • Make blood cells in the marrow • Gives us shape

  5. SkeletalSystem Not everything is bone…. • Cartilage: protects joints, provides structure (ears, nose) Is smooth white in diagram • Ligaments: Connect bones together at joints (e.g. ACL in knee)Is smooth pink • Tendons: Connect muscles to bonesis textured pink

  6. SkeletalSystem Periosteum STRUCTURES • Parts of Bones: • Marrow(makes blood cells) • Spongy bone(lightweight with spaces for blood vessels & nerves) • Compact bone(very dense and strong) • Periostium(living protective outer membrane)

  7. Joints Joint = where bones meet Moveable: • Gliding (wrist, ankle, vertebrae) – bones slide past each other • Pivot (forearm, neck) – bones spin around a point or axis • Ball and Socket (shoulder, hip) – bone with end like a ball can move in all directions • Hinge (knee, elbow, phalanges) – bones bend back and forth only Immoveable: • Cannot move – they protect organs (Ribs, Skull, pelvis)

  8. Skeletal System Questions • Name 2 functions of the skeletal system. • The four parts of bone are marrow, compact bone, periostium (membrane) and ______, which has spaces for nerves and blood vessels. • How is cartilage different than bone? Where do we have cartilage? • What two minerals do bones store? • What are joints? Name the 4 types. • Which type of joint do I have in my • Shoulder? Fingers? Wrist? Neck? • What tissues hold bones together?

  9. Muscular SystemMuscles cause bones to move Three Types of Muscle • Skeletal (react quickly, TIRE) – MOVE BONES and are Voluntary • Attach to bones with tendons, work in pairs – they only contract (shorten) or relax, they cannot push • Smooth (react slowly, don’t tire) DIGESTION and are Involuntary • Cardiac(react quickly, don’t tire) HEART and are Involuntary

  10. Muscular System • Pull on the bones to move • Tendons attach muscle to bones • Skeletal muscles work in pairs, especially at hinge joints, because they can pull, but cannot push – much like a string can pull, but not push on something. • One muscle will pull the bone in one direction. A second muscle will pull the bone the opposite way.

  11. Skeletal muscles often work in pairs to flex and extend by contracting or relaxing In each pair, one muscle when one muscle is contracted, the other is relaxed.

  12. Muscle Fatigue

  13. Integumentary System(skin) • Covers/protects the body from injury, infection, and sunburn (with melanin) • Prevents water loss • Regulates body temperature • Sweating, Goosebumps • Eliminates wastes (through sweat – salts) • Gathers info from the environment by feeling/touch through nerves • Produces Vitamin D

  14. Integumentary System(skin) • Top Layer = Epidermis • Dead cells without nerves or blood vessels • Produce melanin, which gives skin its color and protects from sunburn. The more melanin, the more protection. • Lower Layer = Dermis • Contains nerves, blood vessels, hairs and hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands, muscles attached to hairs (to make goodebumps), and fat for warmth • Sweat reaches the skin surface through pores • Oil helps waterproof hair and keep skin moist

  15. Integumentary System(skin) Dermis

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