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Describe characteristics of early humans Explain impact of geography on human societies

Explore the characteristics of early humans, impact of geography on societies, cave art's clues, and Neolithic lifestyle changes. Learn how humans adapted to the environment, migrated, and transformed through the Agricultural Revolution.

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Describe characteristics of early humans Explain impact of geography on human societies

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  1. Objectives: • Describe characteristics of early humans • Explain impact of geography on human societies • Analyze cave art for clues of technology, religion • Describe how human lifestyles changed Neolithic Era

  2. Early Humans Early Man, 1-1, 1-2

  3. How do we know how humans lived thousands of years ago? • Archaeologists study artifacts (man-made objects)

  4. How do we know how humans lived thousands of years ago? Anthropologists study culture (a people’s unique way of life)

  5. How do we know how humans lived thousands of years ago? Paleontologists study fossils

  6. During the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) • Humans (Homo • Sapiens) emerged in Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years • ago.

  7. Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. (Every continent except Antarctica!) Land and ice bridges connected the continents

  8. How did humans migrate from Asia into the Americas? Land/Ice Bridges connected Siberia and Alaska

  9. Today, the body of water that formedan ice bridge between Russia and Alaska is called the Bering Strait

  10. Early humans were hunters and gatherers who survived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants, berries and nuts for food They had to adapt to their physical environment How?

  11. Early human societies (hunter-gatherer societies): • Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water and shelter) • Invented the first tools, including simple weapons • Learned how to make fire • Lived in clans • Developed oral language • Created “cave art”

  12. Carbon Dating: Used by archaeologiststo tell the age of fossils and artifacts

  13. Neolithic Age begins 8000 BCE The New Stone Age The ice age is ending and the earth is warming Sea levels rise, eliminating land bridge

  14. As rising sea levels eliminated land bridges, societies became isolated in the Americas, islands, and Australia. Aborigines are believed to be descended from the first humans who migrated to Australia during the Paleolithic era.

  15. Agriculture develops • The agricultural revolution • begins • Seeds scattered in fields result in crops the following season Over the next several hundred years, many societies begin to farm Agriculture first developed in the Middle East

  16. What is a Revolution? What was revolutionary about the development of Agriculture?

  17. It completely changed the way people lived It led to villages, then cities, then civilizations

  18. Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) • Developed agriculture • Settled in permanent • Settlements – they were • no longer nomadic • Domesticated animals • Used advanced tools • Made pottery • Developed weaving skills

  19. Growing food instead of hunting and gathering food requires different skills: Paleolithic skillsNeolithic skills Hunting Gathering Following wild herds Making simple tools Finding caves to live in Planting Harvesting Herding domesticated animals Making advanced tools for farming, weapons, containers for seed and food storage Permanent settlements Result: A Population explosion

  20. Effects Causes • People become sedentary • living in permanent • settlements • Job specialization • Population explosion Climate changes Global warming Scattering of seeds led to crops Agricultural Revolution Growth of villages into cities

  21. Agriculture changed everything – It was a revolution because it led to: Ad Advanced Technology Recor J Record Keeping Job Specialization Civilization Advanced Co Complex Institutions Advanced Cities

  22. Add to notes Aleppo and Jericho Were early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists CatalHuyuk is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia or Asia Minor Stable communities such as these came during the Neolithic period.

  23. With the development of agriculture, human no longer merely adapted to their environment. They learned to control their environment. Example: growing crops, domesticating animals such as goats and developing irrigation systems to control flooding.

  24. Stonehenge, located in England provides a perfect example of humans controlling their environment. Talk to your neighbor – write down three questionsyou have about Stonehenge.

  25. Photo credits Slide 1: http://lh6.ggpht.com/_tiMWwV8fJZU/SSnoK-hxzGI/AAAAAAAAAJU/LUb3awGVWRg/Uplands.jpg Slide 2: http://www.georgewashingtonwired.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/archaeology.jpg Slide 5: http://hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/beringia/images/bothseasmap.JPG Slide 11: http://corehealthnutrition.com/files/9912/4361/6306/grain.jpg Slide 13: http://www.eastchester.k12.ny.us/schools/ms/teachers/stabile/images/fertile1.jpg Slide 10: http://www.unpo.org/images/M_images/australia-aborigines-460.jpg

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