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ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL FEEDINGS

ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL FEEDINGS. TUBE FEEDING. ENTERAL NUTRITION. Definition Feeding via tube into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), bypassing the oral cavity, esophagus and, if needed, the stomach. Indications When patient cannot or will not eat enough but GIT is still functional

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ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL FEEDINGS

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  1. ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL FEEDINGS

  2. TUBE FEEDING

  3. ENTERAL NUTRITION Definition • Feeding via tube into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), bypassing the oral cavity, esophagus and, if needed, the stomach. Indications • When patient cannot or will not eat enough but GIT is still functional • Examples: oral ulcers, obstructions, dysphagia, surgical procedures, anorexia nervosa

  4. TF • Types: placement determines type of TF used: • Nasogastric • Nasoduodenal • Gatrostomy • Jejunostomy

  5. TUBE FEEDINGS – NON SURGICAL

  6. TUBE FEEDINGS-SURGICAL

  7. REQUIREMENTS • Nutritionally complete • Varying caloric levels depending on tube feeding – must meet individual needs • Increase calorie contentincrease viscosity • CHO, PRO, FAT to meet energy needs • Density • Vitamins and minerals • With or without fiber • Lactose free

  8. SPECIALTY FORMULAS • Stress, pulmonary, pediatric, liver, renal • Modular formulas Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids

  9. ADMINISTRATION • Bolus • Gravity • Intermittent • Continuous

  10. COMPLICATIONS • Clogging • Aspiration • Drug incompatibility • Nausea and vomiting • Diarrhea or constipation • Infections • Contaminated formula

  11. IF THE GUT WORKS, USE IT!

  12. PARENTERAL NUTRITION • Peripheral parenteral nutrition • Short – term • Partially meets nutritional needs

  13. PERIPHERAL PARENTAL NUTRITION

  14. PARENTERAL NUTRITION • Total parenteral nutrition • Long-term • Nutritionally complete

  15. TPN

  16. INDICATIONS • Inability to use the GIT • Hypermetabolism • Others

  17. REQUIREMENTS • Can be tailored to meet individual needs • CHO or CHO and fat for calories • Protein (AA) to meet nitrogen needs • Vitamins, minerals • Unique: nutrients placed directly into blood stream – no gut control

  18. COMPLICATIONS • Infection • Gastrointestinal atrophy • Refeeding • Bacterial translocation

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