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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War

Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War . 1861-1865. Bull Run Ends the “Ninety-Day War” Why did Lincoln decide to attack a Confederate force at Bull Run? Why was Bull Run considered a “military picnic”? How did the Battle of Bull Run affect the South?

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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War

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  1. Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865

  2. Bull Run Ends the “Ninety-Day War” • Why did Lincoln decide to attack a Confederate force at Bull Run? • Why was Bull Run considered a “military picnic”? • How did the Battle of Bull Run affect the South? • How did the Battle of Bull Run affect the North? • “Tardy George” McClellan and the Peninsula Campaign • What were some of George McClellan’s virtues? • What were some of George McClellan’s defects? • Why wouldn’t McClellan move his troops towards Richmond? • What was the Peninsula campaign? • Who won the Seven Days Battle and how did it impact the Union? • Why was General Lee’s victory impact the Union and Lincoln’s decisions regarding the war? • What were the six components of the Union Strategy?

  3. The War at Sea • What strategy did the North use in relation to their leaky blockade? • Why did Britain recognize the blockade? • Who were the most successful blockade runners? • How did the Northern Navy enforce the blockade? • Why didn’t Britain do anything about the doctrine of “ultimate destination”? • What was the most alarming threat to the blockade and how did the Union overcome this threat? • The Pivotal Point: Antietam • Describe the Second Battle of Bull Run. • Why did Lee want to strike North in Maryland? • What happened at the Battle of Antietam? • Why was the Battle of Antietam important? • Why did Lincoln wait to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

  4. A Proclamation Without Emancipation • What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare? • Lincoln actually didn’t free any slaves. How was this possible? • How did slaves react to the Emancipation Proclamation? • How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the North and people abroad? • How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the Civil War? • How did the public react to the Emancipation Proclamation? • Who opposed the “abolition war”? • How did the South respond to the Emancipation Proclamation? • Blacks Battle Bondage • How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact African Americans serving in the war? • How many African Americans served in the Union army? • Why did many former slaves want to participate in the war? • How did the south view African Americans fighting for the Union? • When did the south enlist African Americans? • How did slaves respond to the war?

  5. Lee’s Last Lunge at Gettysburg • Why was Burnside seen as unfit? • What was Lee’s most brilliant battle? • Why did Lee want to invade the North again? What was his goal? • Why was “Pickett’s charge” called the “high tide of the Confederacy”? • Why did the Victory at Gettysburg belong to Lincoln? • The War in the West • Who was the most able Union general in the West? • Why was Grant’s win in Kentucky considered crucial? • What happened at the Battle at Shiloh? • Why was seizing of New Orleans important for the North? • How did the Union “sever the spinal cord of the South”? • What was the political significance of the Union wins at Vicksburg and Gettysburg?

  6. Sherman Scorches Georgia • Why was Grant sent to Chickamauga and how did he open the door for the invasion of Georgia? • Who invaded Georgia? • Why did Sherman’s “blue bellies” burn cities? • What does “Shermanizing” the South mean? • Where did Sherman head after Georgia? • The Politics of War • What was happening within the Republican party that jeopardized Lincoln’s re-election? • Who was considered the most dangerous to the Union and why? • What were the factions within the Democratic party and what did they believe? • Who was Clement Vallandigham and why was he important?

  7. The Election of 1864 • How did the Republicans deal with the issue of the democratic party in the election of 1864? • Why was Lincoln’s nomination encountered with opposition? • Why did the Union Party run Andrew Taylor as Vice President? • Who did the democratic party nominate and what was their platform? • How did the Republicans help ensure that Lincoln would win the election? • How did the election of 1864 affect the South? • Grant Outlasts Lee • Why was Grant called to replace Meade? • How did the North respond to Grant’s fighting style? • Why was Grant’s reputation undeserved while Lee’s was overrated? • Why weren’t the North and South able to come to a compromise in February 1865? • How did the Civil War end?

  8. The Martyrdom of Lincoln • How did Lincoln die? • How did the South respond to Lincoln’s death? • Why was Lincoln’s death considered a calamity for the South? • If Lincoln had lived, why would he have clashed with Congress? • The Aftermath of the Nightmare • How did the Civil War affect the population of the US? • How did the Civil War affect the nation economically? • What political issues were determined by the outcome of the Civil War? • How was the Civil War the supreme test of American democracy? • How did the Civil War impact other countries? • How did the Civil War positively impact people in the North and the South?

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