Poverty Counts: Data for Activists and Analysts

1. Poverty Counts: Data for Activists and Analysts Cultivating Hope: Harvesting Action Rural Poverty and Social Change Conference, UMass Amherst June 2, 2006 Susan Edwards

2. Getting Started • Who are you? • What do you want to know? • Can we find it?

3. Hampshire County Poverty

4. Franklin County Poverty

5. Worcester County Poverty

6. Berkshire County Poverty

7. What do official poverty statistics measure? • How the Census measures poverty http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/povdef.html • Severe poverty: less than 50% of poverty • Near poverty: up to 200% of poverty

8. Thresholds vs. Guidelines

9. HHS Bases the Poverty Guidelines on the Thresholds • Published by the Department of Health and Human Services in February, in the Federal Registerhttp://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/index.shtml • Thresholds are the same for urban and rural areas and all 50 states. Guidelines are different for Alaska and Hawaii.

10. Other Poverty Measures • An extremely low income household is less than 30% of median income. • A very low income household is less than 50% of median income. • Low income is up to 80% of median.

11. Census 2000 is the main source of poverty data for rural Massachusetts Census 2000 ~ poverty by: • town • race/Hispanic • age and sex • disability • family composition (single parent) • employment

12. Race The fact that race matters… does not mean that the salience and consequences of racial distinctions are good or that race must continue to matter in the future. Nor does the brute sociological fact that race matters dictate what one’s response to that fact should be. --Randall Kennedy

13. Race/Hispanic and Census 2000 • Hispanic is not a race ~ it is an ethnicity. Hispanics can be of any race, but from a Spanish background (Brazilians are not Hispanic!) • Each person could choose up to 6 races: Black, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, White, Some Other Race (Some other Race is 98% Hispanic.)

14. Don’t let this happen to you! • Town of Amherst released a Demographics Fact Sheet • It says the minority population is 20.7%. • Is that correct? http://www.amherst.edu/library/research/AmherstDemographics.pdf

15. No-- Almost one thousand of the Whites are also Hispanic – so the percentage of “minorities” is closer to 25% than 20%.

16. American Factfinder: Fact Sheet for Town or County easy way to start

17. Finding Poverty Data – Census 2000 • American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/ • Fact Sheet by Towns or Counties quickest way to find poverty for individuals and families. • Can switch to any race/Hispanic group to see poverty for that group (Non-Hispanic Whites, for example.)

18. Updating the poverty numbers: • American Community Survey (ACS) will be replacing the Decennial Census long form (questions about income, etc.) • It will be available for all towns in Massachusetts by 2010, but should be available for counties in’06, large towns ’08. • It will be added to the Fact Sheets/Data Sets.

19. SAIPE – Small Area Income and Poverty Data • Created by the Census and other federal agencies to update the Decennial Census poverty data. Latest year of coverage is 2003. • States, counties and school districts – not towns. • Poverty for all ages, children under 5 (only at the state level), children 0-17, and children 5-17. • County level it also gives the median family income. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/

20. Poverty Related Data

21. Cliks: Community Level Information on Kids • Data about children from all the towns in Massachusetts. • From local sources, such as health departments, human services agencies, and schools. • Includes WIC participation, DSS investigations, teen pregnancy rate, MCAS scores, poverty, etc. http://www.aecf.org/cgi-bin/cliks.cgi?

22. DataPlace – data for towns • Customizable data, including maps • HUD Area Median Family Income • IRS Summary data -- includes number of low income people, and those eligible for EITC • Multifamily Assistance and Section 8 Contracts • Simplified Census interface http://www.dataplace.org/

23. KidsCount: Census • User friendly interface to Census data about kids. • Provides comparisons of 1990 to 2000 • Allows you to get data for any or all towns in Massachusetts. • Doesn't have all the variables in the Census, but for data about kids it’s easier to use. http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/census/

24. AFF Data Choices: Power Users • SF1 and 2 have no income data, SF3 and SF4 do • SF3 has race/Hispanic for 6 major races for some • SF4 has more groups (Cambodians, Mexicans) http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/reg_list.html • For more about the choices: http://www.amherst.edu/library/research/AFFDataChoices.rtf • Search on Poverty in table locator www.censusmanual.com • How to Use the tables: http://www.amherst.edu/library/research/HowToDetailedTables.rtf

25. Poverty data for Western Mass • Poverty by Race by County http://www.amherst.edu/library/research/PovertyRaceCounty.xls • Poverty by Town http://www.amherst.edu/library/research/PovertyByTown.xls • Poverty in North Quabbinhttp://www.amherst.edu/library/research/PovertyNorthQuabbin.xls • Rent as percent of Income: Franklin County http://www.amherst.edu/library/research/RentByIncome.csv

26. Detailed Race/Hispanic categories(on Summary File 4) SF4 has poverty for very specific groups – Cambodians (as opposed to Asians), Mexicans (not just Hispanics), and for groups that aren’t “races” but ancestries – Brazilians, Arabs. You can get the data for all the towns in several counties at the same time. Good tutorial from UCSC --http://ssdc.ucsd.edu/ssdc/cen2k/raceguide.pdf

27. Where to get help: • M-F 8:30-4:30 from Boston Regional Census Office, (617) 424-4501 • MISER, State Data Center at UMass Amherst, (413) 545-3460 http://www.umass.edu/miser/contact.html • Susan Edwards, Amherst College Library seedwards@amherst.edu, (413)542-2767