ASSIGNMENT AN-522

1. ASSIGNMENT AN-522 • M. SHEHZAD SARWAR 2006-ag-1003 • HAFIZ M. ABDULLAH 2006-ag-1221 PRESENTED TO: Dr. FAROOQ KHALID

2. POULTRY FEED PROCESSING • Referes to performing all the operations necessary to achieve the maximum potential, nutritional value and net return of a feed stuff. • Processing involves physical and chemical changes

3. PHYSICAL CHANGES • Temperature • Pressure • Moisture

4. CHEMICAL CHANGES • Structural changes • Changes in starch structure • Increases digestibility

5. PURPOSE OF PROCESSING • More profit • Alter particle size • Change moisture content • Change density of feed • Change acceptability (pelatability) • Change in nutrient content (iron increases)

6. More availability of nutrients • Detoxification of nutrients • Improve keeping quality

7. GRAIN PROCESSING METHODS • Mechanical alterations • Heat treatment • Moisture alterations

8. MECHANICAL ALTERATIONS • Dehulling • Extruding • Grinding • Mixing • Rolling (Dry rolling or cracking, stream rolling or crimping)

9. DEHULLING • Removing the outer coat of grain, nutt • High fiber content which donot require to poultry • Dehulling is done in soybean in cotton seed pea nutts and sunflower (all oil seeds)

10. EXTRUDING • A process by which feed is pressed, pushed or protruded through pressure • Forcing the ingredients by steal tube • Then pushed in a cone shaped holes

11. GRINDING • Process by which feed stuff is reduced in particle size by grinder • Change digestibility of cellulose and protein • Done by hammer mill • Screening • End product is mash or meal

12. ROLLING • To give feed a flat particle • By passing feed b/w rollers • Dry rolling (crushing) without steam • Steam rolling (crimping) steam rolling 1-8 mins

13. HEAT TREATMENT • Dry heat processing • Micronizing • Popping • Roasting

14. MICRONIZING • Microwaves emitted from infra-red burner @ 300 Fo • By gas fired infra-red generators • Micronized grain are not popped • It reduces to about 7% moisture • Then rolled to produce a uniform stable dry free flowing product • Specially done for sorghum

15. POPPING • Exploding are puffing out of grains resulting from rapid application of dry heat • Principle is super hot dry heat @ 300-310 F with 15-20% moisture for 15-120 sec

16. PURPOSE OF POPPING • Increase digestibility • Disruption of starch granules • More palatability • Low cost then steam flaking

17. ROASTING Simple heating

18. MOIST HEAT PROCESSING • Cooking • Exploding • Flaking • Steam flaking • Pelleting • Crumbling

19. COOKING • Applying heat about 300 F EXPLODING • Steaming of grain under pressure FLAKING • Application of steam on feed for longer time under pressure

20. Pleasant aroma resembling to cooked cereals • Starch readily available

21. STEAM FLAKING • Steam 15-30 mins, under pressure @ 50 Psi for 1-2 mins • With temperature 200-300 F

22. PELLETING • Is the agglomeration of feed by compacting and forcing it through die openings under high pressure by mechanical process CRUMBLING • Crushing of pellets PACKING

23. Feed Hammer mill • The feed hammer crusher (feed hammermill) crushes by the collisions between high-speed hammer and materiasl, and the hammer crusher (feed hammermills) features in its simple structure, high reduction ration, high efficiency, etc.

24. Feed Mixer • The vertical mixer consists of one or more vertical screws which elevate the ingredients to the top of the mixer where they fall by gravity to the bottom, to be mixed and re-elevated. • Horizontal mixers consist of a series of paddles or metal ribbon blades mounted on a horizontal rotor within a semi-circular trough.

25. Pellet Cooler • Coolers/dryers are of two basic types, horizontal and vertical. • In the horizontal type of cooler/dryer, the pellets are conveyed on a perforated steel mesh or moving belt through which a cooling air stream is passed. • In the vertical type of dryer, pellets usually fall by gravity into a chamber through which air is sucked by a fan.

26. Pellet Crusher • A crumbler is a roller mill with rolls specially designed for breaking up pellets into smaller particles. Usually the crumbler consists of two corrugated rolls situated below the cooler/drier exit. The pellets can then be diverted into the crumbler, if crumbles or granules are desired, or they can by-pass it.

27. Pellet Extruder • Feeds which have ingredients such as soybean meal and cereal grains can be made more digestable, and the nutrients are therefore more available. Floating feeds are made using extruders along with highly water-stable sinking feeds which can be made with extruders as well. In some cases, extruders are used just to prepare feed materials, such as dry extrusion of soybeans.

28. Pellet Sifter • The sifter (See picture below) is a means of ensuring a good quality product with the right particle size and a low level of fines, which are wasteful to feed.

29. Pellet Packing Machine • For larger scale operations feed will either be bulk transport, loading directly onto trucks or ships or it will be packed into bags. Packaging systems are available in both manual and automatic form. For the manual system, the feed is deposited into bags positioned on a weighing scale, release is done upon a manual gate.

30. Pellet Crusher • A crumbler is a roller mill with rolls specially designed for breaking up pellets into smaller particles. Usually the crumbler consists of two corrugated rolls situated below the cooler/drier exit. The pellets can then be diverted into the crumbler, if crumbles or granules are desired, or they can by-pass it.

31. Feed Conveyor

47. THANKS