Chapter 3 & 4 Test Review

1. Chapter 3 & 4Test Review

2. The energy in a drawn bow (as in bow and arrow) is called: Potential Energy

3. A group of species that live in the same area at the same time is called a: Population

4. Name two of earth’s four realm’s: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and the Biosphere

5. Photosynthesis requires what three inputs? Sunlight, carbon dioxide and water

6. When coal is burned in a power plant, only 3% of the energy in the coal is converted into light in a light bulb. Which law of thermodynamics explains this? Second Law of Thermodynamics

7. Gross Primary Productivity – Plant Cellular Respiration = Net Primary Productivity

8. Killing large numbers of hippos in Africa dramatically reduced the population of what other species? Tilapia (Fish)

9. An organism’s ________ ________ is determined by its position in the food chain, which is determined by its feeding relationships. Trophic Level

10. In the deep ocean, some bacteria function as producers without any sunlight. Instead, they obtain energy and make carbohydrates from inorganic raw materials using: Chemosynthesis

11. In a pyramid of biomass that has producers at its base and tertiary consumers at the top – who has the least biomass? Tertiary Consumers

12. What is an example of a keystone species we discussed in class? Sea Otters or Grey Wolf

13. A natural association that consists of all the populations of different species that live and interact within an area at the same time. Community

14. Properly managing our forests and planting more trees can help address which global environmental problem? Global Climate Change

15. True or False: Energy is constantly recycled as it moves through an ecosystem? False

16. A symbiotic relationship in which both partners benefit is called: Mutualism

17. Camouflage is often used for which type of predation: Ambush

18. A transitional zone where two or more communities meet is called an: Ecotone

19. Milkweed uses what type of defense to protect itself from herbivores: Poisonous Chemicals

20. True or False: There is greater species richness in an ecotone. True

21. Give an example of where secondary succession occurs: Abandoned farmland, after a forest fire, or tornado

22. During primary succession, in a pioneer community, ________ are typically the first and most important element. Lichens

23. Important benefits that ecosystems provide to people are called: Ecosystem Services

24. Give an example of where primary succession occurs: Volcanic eruption Receding glaciers

25. The reduction in competition for environmental resources that occurs among coexisting species as a result of each species’ niche differing from those of the others in one or more ways is called: Resource Partitioning

26. Intraspecific competition occurs between: Individuals within the same population

27. During _________ between predator and prey, the predator evolves more efficient ways to catch prey, and the prey evolves better ways to escape the predator. Coevolution

28. The process in which better-adapted individuals – those with a combination of genetic traits better suited to environmental conditions – are more likely to survive and reproduce, increasing their proportion in the population is called: Natural Selection

29. Name one premise of Natural Selection: Species produce more off spring that will survive to maturity Individuals in a population exhibit inheritable variation in their traits Organisms compete with one another for resources Those individuals with the most favorable combination of traits are most likely to survive and reproduce, passing their traits onto the next generation

30. Any environmental resource that, because it is scarce or at unfavorable levels, restricts the ecological niche of an organism is called a: Limiting Resource

31. A type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other one is neither harmed nor helped: Commensalism

32. When the Brown Anole came to Florida forced the Green Anole to modify its ________ niche. Realized

33. The totality of an organism’s adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is fitted is called it’s: Ecological Niche

34. Organisms that feed on the components of dead organisms and organic wastes, degrading them into simple inorganic materials that producers can use are called: Decomposers

35. The First Law of Thermodynamics says: Energy cannot be created or destroyed – but it can change from one form to another

36. Give an example of a Producer other than plants: Algae, some bacteria

37. Give an example of an ecosystem with really low NPP: Desert, Ocean, Tundra

38. A saprotroph is also called a: Decomposer

39. Provide two examples of an ecosystem service: Clean air, clean water, fertile soil, absorb CO2, food/crops, buffer against storms

40. Another word for autotroph is: Producer

41. The soil and rock of the Earth’s crust is called the: Lithosphere

42. The study of systems that include interactions among organisms and between organisms and their abiotic environment is called: Ecology

43. True or False: It requires less energy to eat food at higher trophic levels. False

44. The ______ is the energy source for almost all of the world’s ecosystems: Sun

45. Give an example of what would create an inverted pyramid of numbers: Parasites, Decomposers