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H.E.S.S. Phases I and II. Paula Chadwick, Dept. of Physics University of Durham. High Energy Stereoscopic System – H.E.S.S. Four 13m diameter telescopes Davies-Cotton design, 382 0.6 m diameter mirrors FoV 5 ° 960-pixel cameras Routine operations since January 2004.
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H.E.S.S. Phases I and II Paula Chadwick, Dept. of Physics University of Durham
High Energy Stereoscopic System – H.E.S.S. Four 13m diameter telescopes Davies-Cotton design, 382 0.6 m diameter mirrors FoV 5° 960-pixel cameras Routine operations since January 2004 23°16'18'' S, 16°30'00'' E 1.8 km a.s.l
M-PIK Heidelberg; Humboldt University, Berlin; University of Hamburg; Ruhr University, Bochum; Landessternwarte Heidelberg LLR Ecole Polytechnique, LPNHE, PCC College de France, University of Grenoble, CERS Toulouse, CEA Saclay, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, University of Montpellier II Durham University, Leeds University Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Charles University, Prague Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia University of Namibia North-Western University, South Africa Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Warsaw Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Cracow
Many Different Categories of Object Observed with H.E.S.S. I • Pulsar Wind Nebulae • Shell Supernova Remnants • Binary systems • Young star cluster(s) • Galactic centre (inc. diffuse emission) • Blazars • Radio galaxy/ies • Unidentified objects… The beginnings of source taxonomy
Improvement in Sensitivity – The Crab Nebula The Crab Nebula is the ‘standard candle’ in this field – it is a bright, constant source of gamma rays right up to several 10s of TeV.
PKS2155-304in 2006 Preliminary WOW! In late July 2006, this AGN produced a burst that made the object on average 7 times brighter than the Crab Nebula. The burst contained over 60,000 gamma rays – c.f. 5134 gamma rays from the Crab detected over lifetime of EGRET.
H.E.S.S. Phase II Original idea – have an array of 16 telescopes in total…. …it’s also expensive, so how about another 4 telescopes? Factor of about 2 improvement in area, slightly better angular resolution and 20.5 improvement in sensitivity. …provides about a factor of 4 extra in area, slightly better angular resolution and a factor of 2-3 in sensitivity. Hmmm….
HESS II – a single, large (600 m2) telescope. Lower energy in standalone mode Improved sensitivity at higher energy in coincidence mode
Telescope Structure Altaz mount, rotation on rails Parabolic mirror, 596 m2, f = 36m Total weight – 560 tonnes
Can we really let the sun set on UK involvement in VHE gamma rays??