1 / 27

Course Overview

Course Overview. Part I: Introduce you to what’s happening in Artificial Intelligence. What is AI? What are the Major Challenges ? What are the Main Techniques ? Where are we failing , and why? Step back and look at the Science Step back and look at the History of AI

wynter-graves
Download Presentation

Course Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Course Overview Part I:Introduce you to what’s happening in Artificial Intelligence • What is AI? • What are the Major Challenges? • What are the Main Techniques? • Where are we failing, and why? • Step back and look at the Science • Step back and look at the History of AI • What are the Major Schools of Thought? • What of the Future? Part II:Give you an appreciation for the big picture  Why it is a grand challenge

  2. Part I:Introduce you to what’s happening in Artificial Intelligence Course Overview • What is AI? • What are the Major Challenges? • What are the Main Techniques? • Where are we failing, and why? • Step back and look at the Science • Step back and look at the History of AI • What are the Major Schools of Thought? • What of the Future? Done Part II:Give you an appreciation for the big picture Done

  3. Course Overview • What is AI? • What are the Major Challenges? • What are the Main Techniques? • Where are we failing, and why? • Step back and look at the Science • Step back and look at the History of AI • What are the Major Schools of Thought? • What of the Future? • Big Brother Scenario? – Human Technical Ruling Class • Rise of the machines? • Singularity? • Transhumanism? • Next step of evolution? • Rights for Robots? • Exit of humanity?

  4. “It is very difficult to make an accurate prediction, especially about the future.” Niels Bohr (Physicist) • Main sources of predictions: • AI Academics • Science Fiction Writers • Often correct… • 1945: geostationary satellites as telecommunications relays

  5. “By 2050, our lives will be populated with all kinds of intelligent robots.” Rodney Brooks (MIT AI lab) • Possibly true… • Lives already full of computers and AI • Robot technology maturing

  6. BBC interview with Rodney Brooks and Ray Kurzweil

  7. BBC interview with Rodney Brooks and Ray Kurzweil Interviewer: Will our hyper-intelligent coffee makers in 2050 suddenly decide to kill us like HAL in 2001? Or will humans be made redundant by a legion of intelligent machines?

  8. BBC interview with Rodney Brooks and Ray Kurzweil Interviewer: Will our hyper-intelligent coffee makers in 2050 suddenly decide to kill us like HAL in 2001? Or will humans be made redundant by a legion of intelligent machines? Response: No. We will not wake up one day to find our lives populated with all manner of artificially intelligent devices…

  9. BBC interview with Rodney Brooks and Ray Kurzweil Interviewer: Will our hyper-intelligent coffee makers in 2050 suddenly decide to kill us like HAL in 2001? Or will humans be made redundant by a legion of intelligent machines? Response: No. We will not wake up one day to find our lives populated with all manner of artificially intelligent devices… Despite the rapid advance of technology, the advent of strong AI will be a gradual process.

  10. Big Brother Scenario • “Big Brother” • a state which will control the whole life of its citizens • Human technical ruling class • Credible? Wealth gap in US widens in past 50 years • Wealth gap between rich and poor countries increases • Internet increases ability of rich to extract wealth from poor • Sources of value can easily be connected (increasing value for them) and disconnected (cutting the out of loop) • Education, technology more important than ever for value creation • But extremely unevenly distributed • Big brother scenario: ruling class may control population through AI technology

  11. Big Brother Scenario • Privacy Invasions by Biometrics and ICT Implants • used for personal identification • everybody can be recognized and identified everywhere • Scanned on entry to shops/public places • Payment of cash may disappear • Identify dissent – attempts at organised uprising • Currently easy to monitor communications – phone and internet • But many man hours needed to analyse recordings • AI could step in • Already does for keywords • Data mining could identify “troublemakers” early • Analyse what you are reading • Social networking sites give yet more sinister opportunities

  12. Autonomous technology is a danger By 2020… • Today, via loyalty cards shop’s computers predict your purchase and order • Soon… routine insurance claims/loans will be assessed entirely using AI • Intelligent agents cut out direct human input • key activities such as surveillance, security, and tracking • No humans need to be involved • technology will generate dangers not recognised • …until it is impossible to reverse them • on a "J" curve of continued acceleration of change Compiled reactions from the 742 respondents:42% agreed54% disagreed4% did not respond The 2006 Pew Internet & American Life/Elon University Predictions Survey

  13. The Matrix Scenario • AI technology able to replace humans at work • Massive unemployment? • People gradually spend more and more time in Virtual Worlds • Eventually forget about “real” world • Example: World of Warcraft has over 9M subscribers • More than the population of many countries • June 2005 child died due to neglect by her World of Warcraft-addicted parents in Korea • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjjvW8v96dc

  14. Rise of the machines? In the future envisaged by the movies, technology is out to destroy us. But could it really happen? “The only reason to fear technology is because it enables people to do bad things to each other ... but that's happened throughout history. It's just that the means have arguably become more sophisticated.” Matthew Kirkcaldie

  15. Rise of the machines? • (fiction) Skynet is a computer-based defense system • Placed in control of all U.S. Military's weaponry • Remove possibility of human error • Skynet became self-aware • (there exist a number of sci-fi stories on a similar theme) • Credible?

  16. Rise of the machines - credible? • Much AI research is funded by military • USS Vincennes – was put down to human error • What if it had been computer controlled? • As AI improves – tendency to give it more control • Especially in time-critical situations • …machines in control of military hardware seems credible • Machines losing the plot? • Humans sometimes do… after millions of years of evolution… • Maybe even more likely for machines • But machines unexpectedly becoming intelligent/sentient probably unlikely

  17. Singularity • The technological singularity • Hypothesized creation of smarter-than-human entities • Machine can keep augmenting their own mental abilities • Seed AI • “The first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make” – Irving Good • Rapidly accelerate technological progress • Human beings no longer capable of participating • What does "smarter-than-human" really mean? • We don't know because we're not that smart • What happens after the Singularity? • Nobody knows • our model of the future breaks down • Credible? Some would say ability to predict improves

  18. Transhumanism • Defined in 1957 by Aldous Huxley’s brother Julian Huxley “man remaining man, but transcending himself, by realizing new possibilities of and for his ‘human nature’” • The use of new sciences and technologies • to enhance human mental and physical abilities and aptitudes • ameliorate undesirable and unnecessary aspects • stupidity, suffering, disease, aging and involuntary death. • Technologies • Genetic engineering • Implants, robotic prostheses • Nanotechnology • Drugs • Possibly uploading personality to a non-biological substrate • http://www.newscientist.com/blog/technology/2007/11/militarys-new-exoskeleton.html

  19. Transhumanism already happening… • 2006 first bionicarm attached to female amputee • Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago • Arm controlled by thoughts • Signals from nerves from stump of the lost arm rewired into the recipient’s chest

  20. Transhumanist Opponents • The first victim of transhumanism might be equality. • The U.S. Declaration of Independence says that “all men are created equal” “If we start transforming ourselves into something superior, what rights will these enhanced creatures claim, and what rights will they possess when compared to those left behind? If some move ahead, can anyone afford not to follow? “ Francis Fukuyama (Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies)

  21. Next Step of Evolution? • Evolution hardly stops at human • Next step could be by human design rather than random • Evolution of humanity into a posthuman life-form • Combining human and artificial parts • or Transhumanist genetic engineering • Could lead to different races • Those who stay human • Those who accept/can afford modification • Alternatively humanity may be replaced by artificial intelligence • Will they keep humans as pets? • Or in zoos? • Or on some reservations?

  22. Next step of evolution • We rely more and more on machine intelligence • Lose our ability to survive independently • Eventually, world will be dominated by companies that are controlled entirely by artificial intelligence. • Anyone wishing to switch off the machines would effectively be committing suicide Source: Independent Newspapers UK Limited

  23. Rights for Robots • Robots could one day demand the same citizen's rights as humans, • According to a study by the UK Office of Science and Innovation's “Horizon Scanning Centre”.

  24. Rights for Robots • Robots develop to the point where they can • Behave intelligently • Reproduce • Improve themselves • Understand emotion, empathise, feel emotion • Robots would have certain responsibilities • Care for humans (e.g. elderly) • Compulsory military service • Contribute to economy, pay taxes • Society should give rights to new citizens • Human rights such as not to be killed, tortured or abused • Voting, expressing opinion, protesting • Participation in political institutions • nondiscrimination

  25. Difficult Questions… • If robots are truly intelligent is it fair to relegate them to a life of menial chores? • If intelligent robots have rights then • is it fair to create “disabled” robots who have less intelligence, in order to use them for menial chores? • Brave new world? • Where is the dividing line between a creature qualifying for rights and one not qualifying?

  26. How Soon Until Robots Take Over? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMcL-_TrKps http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp-CW04XD7Y http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7784509.stm

  27. A.I. RESEARCH

More Related