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Case Studies-Early Formative

Case Studies-Early Formative. San Jose Mogote Puerto Escondido. Case Study-San Jose Mogote. Valley of Oaxaca, ca. 1400 B.C. Covered 5 acres (1 acre=1/2 hectare), and contained several public buildings.

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Case Studies-Early Formative

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  1. Case Studies-Early Formative San Jose Mogote Puerto Escondido

  2. Case Study-San Jose Mogote • Valley of Oaxaca, ca. 1400 B.C. • Covered 5 acres (1 acre=1/2 hectare), and contained several public buildings. • Early maize, avocado, and other cultigens for subsistence, but also wild plants and animals. • Household Units • Houses contained braziers, earth ovens, manos and metates, ceramic jars. • Outside the house were bell-shaped pits, burials.

  3. San Jose Mogote http://www.famsi.org/cgi-bin/print_friendly.pl?file=03006

  4. Village Activities • Magnetite mirror production • Magnetite polished into mirrors and traded. • Manufactured in areas 1-2 sq meters, suggesting individual craftsmanship. • Unused iron ore, quartz or hematite for polishing, oyster “mirror holders”. • In one household, four stratigraphic levels contained this material suggesting four generations of manufacture.

  5. Artifacts from San Jose Mogote

  6. Artifacts from San Jose Mogote

  7. Non-residential Architecture • Nonresidential constructions can tell us much about societies. • size and construction can tell us about available labor and poser to organize. • form or shape can tell us the activities that took place. • *i.e. an open plaza or “danceground” would have very different participants than the enclosed ritual space in temple on top of mounds.

  8. Hilltop ceremonial center http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~delacova/mogote.htm

  9. Hilltop temple ruins http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~delacova/mogote.htm

  10. Public Architecture: “Men’s Houses” http://www.famsi.org/reports/03006/images/fig03.jpg

  11. First Writing • The earliest writing appears at the site of San Jose Mogote in the form of a glyph. • Between two buildings is a corridor in which a threshold stone is placed so that anyone passing through the passage would have to step over the stone. The carving depicts a dead captive with blood flowing from a chest wound and between his legs is a name glyphs meaning 'I Motion' in the 260-day calendar of the Zapotec. • The Valley of Oaxaca was a place of competition between chiefs and these chiefs were not happy to merely show the dead captives in stone. • They also included the captives calendrical name. Thus, Zapotec writing was born from competition and later was used as a weapon for gaining power.

  12. San José Mogote: From Monument 3 ca. 500 B.C. http://zapotec.agron.iastate.edu/toxoo.html

  13. Early Warfare • A radiocarbon date of 1500 BC, from a house fire. • It is probable that several hundred people lived there and approximately18 other villages existed in the valley. • A fire also burned a palisade surrounding part of San José Mogote. • The palisade was dated to 1300 BC, which is the oldest date for a fortification. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn4167

  14. Burnt Postholes from the Palisade http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/ancient/AncientRepublish_947896.htm

  15. Puerto Escondido • Puerto Escondido consists of several large mounds formed by residential debris. • “They are found in the central part of the valley, in the alluvial zones adjacent to the major rivers”. • This information is from a web site compiled by Marilyn Dispensa and John Henderson (Cornell University). • http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/history.htm http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  16. Location of Site http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372 http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/history.htm

  17. Puerto Escondido • Four, low dirt mounds. • Several house structures, some of which were burned with pottery, features and other artifacts. • The pottery is particularly interesting because it is similar to ceramics from the Olmec culture-located on the coast of Vera Cruz.

  18. Mound Profile http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  19. Hearth http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  20. Plaster http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  21. Excavation View http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  22. Pottery http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  23. Figurines Drawing of a small solid hand-modelled figurine depicting a person, probably female, with elaborated hairdo or headdress http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  24. Figurines, con’d. Drawing of a large solid hand-modelled figurine depicting a person wearing a necklace http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372

  25. Jewelry Jewelry: circular green jade bead; shell "sequin" (presumably sewn to fabric); fragment of worked jade light green jade (probably a piece of jewelry in the process of manufacture); blue-green jade pendant in the form of a tooth (http://instruct6.cit.cornell.edu:13000/site_explorer/sitelink.php?site=CR372).

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