زبان تخصصي (1) مديريت دولتي و بازرگاني

1. زبان تخصصي (1)مديريت دولتي و بازرگاني مولف: شهربانو ثمربخش تهراني تعداد واحد درسي: 1 واحد تهيه کننده: شهربانو ثمربخش تهراني

2. اهداف کلي درس زبان تخصصي 1 دانشجويان رشته مديريت دولتي و بازرگاني را آماده‌ مي‌سازد تا متون انگليسي مربوط به رشته تحصيلي خود را به سهولت بخوانند و نکات مهم آنرا دريابند.

3. جايگاه درس جايگاه درس: اين درس از دروس زبان اختصاصي رشته مديريت دولتي و بازرگاني مي‌باشد و از دروس کارشناسي است. • انتخاب اين درس پس از گذراندن دروس زبان پيش و عمومي توصيه مي‌شود.

4. Part One: VocabularyA: Key words This part includes the definitions and examples of key words and phrases that are supposed to be necessary to review or and learn before reading the main passages of each unit.

5. B: General Words This part includes the definitions and examples of general words of the main passages. Students should read this part carefully, and then do the vocabulary exercises of each unit.

6. Part Two: Reading Comprehension Questions The reading passages are preceded by a number of questions. There are three kinds of comprehension in each unit. True- false Questions Multiple- choice Questions Open-ended Questions

7. Part Three: Translation There is an increasing demand for students to become familiar with the translation skills. The final part of each unit provide short passages.

8. Self- assessment There are a few questions at the end of units two, four, and five, students should answer these, questions in order to assess themselves.

9. Appendix : Answer Keys Since this book is designed for self-instructional study, students must do the exercises themselves. But they can check the answers to all the questions in Appendix.

10. 1Administration as Science, an Art, or Craft? list

11. General Aims This unit has been designed to help you learn a number of key words of administration and some of the general words meaningful contexts; to expand your reading comprehension skills.

12. Behavioral objectives After carefully reading this unit, you are expected to: Define the meaning of the words and general words, and do the exercises; Do the comprehension exercises Translate Passage into Persian.

13. Key Words and General Words administrative, classification, commissioner, craft, create, creation, demand, devise, efficiency, employ, employee, end, financial, leader, personality, produce, product, promotional, shift, trait. blur, deem, elusive, evolve, imaginative, inducement, intuition, lurk, precise.

14. 1.1.3 Vocabulary Exercises: Matching Column 2 ( ) a. feature ( ) b. cause something to become unclear ( ) c. give work to someone ( ) d. develop naturally or gradually ( ) d. a person who works in a company 3 5 Column 1 1.employ 2.employee 3.trait 4 .evolve 5.inducement 6. end 1 4 2

15. 1.1.4 Vocabulary Exercises: Word Formation • 1. Would you ever have ……………him to become a manager? • 2. The workers’……………..for three days holidays were accepted by the executive managers. imagined demand

16. 1.1.5 Vocabulary Exercises: Fill in the Blanks employment trait, employment, precision demand 1. The ………….…of several new employees requires extra budget for the oil company. 2. The government…………..a scheme for redeveloping the city centre. 3. The diagram had been copied with great……….. devise precision

17. Pre-reading Questions Why should we not consider administration merely as a science or an art? What is the reason that explains administration as a craft? What kind of traits does administration share with art?

18. 1.2 ReadingAdministration as an Art, Science, orCraft ? Administration shares traits with the arts as well as the sciences. Administration often work in highly imaginative ways, employing a mix of materials, including intuition. ...continued

19. But there is a vital difference that keeps administration from being characterized as an art: Artists create works of aesthetics; administrators attempt to solve problems. ...continued

20. Obviously, categorizing public administration brings with it some fuzziness since the field shares traits with both science and art. Therefore, the category that is most suitable, or at least most. ...continued

21. Comfortable and workable. That category that is craft. An example is a city divided for the purpose of trash collection into two distinct and equal districts. The way each team works ...continued

22. may differ, depending on the personalities of the administrative leaders, workers, and a variety of other factors. However, an objective standard exists for comparing the relative efficiency of each. ...continued

23. In administrative situations, an objective standard lurks somewhere, that is often elusive, and hard to apply. The objective standard, lack of precise formula, and problem solving are the traits of craft.

24. F Comprehension Questions1.2.1 True/False Question T ………Since administration uses scientific theories, laws, and data, it is a science in itself. …………. Administration is neither a science nor an art. …………… Administrations try to solve problems while artists create works. T

25. 1.2.2. Multiple-choice Questions Which of the following statements best explains the category of administration? A scientific study. An artistic works. A combination of art and science not a craft. It can be considered as a craft.

26. 1.2.3 Open-ended Questions What are the factors that make the teams’ work different from each other? Answer: The personalities of the leaders ,workers and other factors make them work different from each other.

27. 1.3 Translation Practice Administration involves people, action, and interaction. It is a process in which human beings work towards common goals. پاسخ:مديريت دولتي با افراد، عمل و تعامل بين آنها سروکار دارد.

28. 2Management Process:Management Functions list

29. General Aims This unit has been designed to help you learn a number of key words of administration and some of the general words meaningful contexts; to expand your reading comprehension skills.

30. Behavioral objectives After carefully reading this unit, you are expected to: Define the meaning of the words and general words, and do the exercises; Do the comprehension exercises Translate Passage into Persian.

31. Key Words and General Words A: allocate, aptitude, assembly-line, authority, commitment, controlling, corporation, leading, manufacturer, motivating, multinational, organizing, performance, planning, professional, resources, set-up. B: abstract, carry on, convey, deviation, effectively, efficiently, essential, feasibility, hunch, , and procedure

32. 2.1.3 Vocabulary Exercises: Matching Column 2 ( ) c. way of arranging something ( ) g. possible in some particular way ( ) o. involving many countries ( ) q. the state of continuing 3 Column 1 1. aptitude 2. feasibility 3. planning 4. progress 5. multinational 2 5 4

33. 2.1.4 Vocabulary Exercises: Word Formation • 1. She has …………… the company very well for many years. • 2. “ The factory needs proper ……………”, he said. • 3. The college runs courses in…………….. . managed organization management

34. 2.1.5 Vocabulary Exercises: Fill in the Blanks progress progress, effectively, resources, plans During one’s………….…of the Government behind them. He made an effort to do his job……………….. 3. He never…………head, he just does things suddenly. effectively plans

35. Pre-reading Questions Why does the author define management as a process? What are the differences between organizing and organization? How many principles does the controlling function involve?

36. 2.2 ReadingManagement Process: Management Functions Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the efforts of organization members and of using all other organizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals. ...continued

37. We define management as a process because all managers, regardless of their particular aptitudes or skills, engage in certain interrelated activities in order to achieve their desired goals.

38. Planning Planning implies that managers think through their goals and actions in advance. Their actions are based on some method, plan, or logic rather than on a hunch.

39. Organizing Organizing is the process of arranging and collecting work, authority and resources among an organization’s members so they can achieve an organization’s goal efficiently. Different goals, of course, require different structures.

40. Leading After management has made plans, created a structure, and hired appropriate personnel, someone must lead the organization. Some managers call this process directing or influencing. Leading involves motivation others to ...continued

41. perform the tasks necessary to achieve the organization’s objectives. Leading is often crucial to the success of those activities. The two key components of effective leadership are motivation and communication.

42. Controlling The controlling function involves three main elements: (1) Establishing standards of performance; (2) Measuring current performance; (3) Comparing this performance to the established standards; and (4) If deviations are detected, taking corrective actions (s).

43. T Comprehension Questions2.2.1 True/False Question T ………Planning is the fundamental aspects of management process. ………The initial stage in the management process is the selection of goals for an organization. ………The multinational corporation do not necessarily require various structures. F

44. 2.2.2 Multiple-choice Questions The management processes include ………….. a. organizational actions and goals b. management aptitudes and skills c. organizing, planning, controlling, and leading d. organizational resources and members

45. 2.2.3 Open-ended Questions How many stages does the planning include? Answer: The selection of goals for the organization, establishment of objectives for its divisions and departments and the establishment of programs.

46. 2.3 Translation Practice Managers are charged with the responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible for individuals to make their best contribution to group objectives. ...continued

47. پاسخ:مديران مسئوليت فراهم ساختن شرايط مناسب کار را برعهده دارند، تا بتوانند به بهترين وجه از نيروي انساني براي تحقق هدفهاي گروهي استفاده کنند.

48. Self- assessment One Units 1 and 2 leaders Part one: Vocabulary He is one of the most important ………….. In acting as a business agent. Part Two: Reading Managing, like all other practices (whether of medicine, composition, engineering, accountancy), is an art.

49. Comprehension QuestionsA: Multiple-choice Question Managing is an art because managers……... use the management organized knowledge use a crude knowledge do things in the light of the realities of a situation practices pertinent knowledge

50. T B: True/False Questions F ………Managing like all other practices such as medicine, accountancy is an art. …………. According to the passage, science and art are mutually.