Innovating Organizational Culture

2. Innovating Organizational Culture Please indicate the extent that the following describes your organization: Not at all Moderately Extremely In this case we have a latent (unobserved) variable: innovating organizational climate that is captured by 5 manifest (observed) variables: openness , collaboration, receptive to change, risk taking ,and bureaucratic (reverse-coded),

6. 0 The Research Process

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8. 0 2. Reviewing the literature • Roles of the literature in research: • The entire basis of the research • A source of ideas on topics for research • A source of information on research already done by others • A source of methodological or theoretical ideas • A source of comparison between your research and that of others • A source of information that is an integral or supportive part of the research (for example, data on a local market)

9. 0 3. Devising a conceptual framework • What are concepts? • General representations of the phenomena to be studied – ‘building blocks’ • What is a conceptual framework? • Verbal and/or diagrammatic representation of the possible relationships between concepts • In academic contexts may be ‘theoretical framework’ or a ‘model’

10. 0 Concepts – examples (a)

11. 0 Concepts – examples (b)

12. 0 The process of devising a conceptual framework

13. 0 Concept mapping - A Staff turnover project

14. 0 Concept mapping - B

15. 0 Concept mapping - C

16. 0 4. Deciding Research Questions • Alternative formats: • Research question – eg. What is the relationship between advertising expenditure and revenue? • Research objective – eg. The aim of the study is to discover the relationship between advertising expenditure and revenue. • Hypothesis – eg. There is a positive relationship between advertising expenditure and revenue (True or false?)

17. 0 Deciding research questions cont’d • Research questions relate to relationships indicated in the concept map • The scope/scale of the resultant project should be manageable within the time/resources available. • Questions should be answerable • Have one major question (Research Question) and a number of sub questions (Investigative Questions)

18. 0 5. Listing information needs & operationalisation (Example relates to Figure 3.5 – Staff turnover project) Personal Characteristics

19. 0 6. Developing a research strategy • Decide information-gathering methods • Decide data analysis methods • Budget and timetable

20. 0 Research Proposals • Self-generated – eg. theses, academic research • Responsive – eg. consultancy – response to briefs and tenders • Content: • What is to be done • Why it is to be done (Self-generated) • How it is to be done • When it will be done • What it will cost • Who will do it

21. 0 Self-generated proposal • Background and justification for selection of topic. • (Preliminary) review of the literature. • Conceptual/theoretical framework. • Statement of research problems, questions or hypotheses. • Outline of data requirements and overall research strategy. Division of project into elements, stages and tasks. • Details of information collection methods: • types of information collection • sample or subject selection methods - measures to ensure data quality • justification of sample size (where appropriate) • data and information to be generated by each method • outline of any ethical issues and how they will be addressed

22. Self-generated proposal • Details of data analysis methods. • Timetable (NB some tasks will be concurrent): • preparatory work • ethics approval if required • fieldwork - data collection tasks • Analysis • draft report or thesis • feedback on draft • final report or thesis presentation. • Budget, where applicable