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PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. FERTILIZATION. www.thekeytoislam.com. SPERM + SECONDARY OOCYTE  ZYGOTE 38 WEEKS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT PRENATAL POSTNATAL FERTILIZATION: UTERINE TUBE PREGNANCY: UTERUS: 3 TRIMESTERS. PROSTAGLANDINS CAUSE SPERM TAIL TO CONTRACT

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PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

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  1. PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

  2. FERTILIZATION www.thekeytoislam.com

  3. SPERM + SECONDARY OOCYTE  ZYGOTE • 38 WEEKS • GROWTH • DEVELOPMENT • PRENATAL • POSTNATAL FERTILIZATION: UTERINE TUBE PREGNANCY: UTERUS: 3 TRIMESTERS

  4. PROSTAGLANDINS CAUSE SPERM TAIL TO CONTRACT • UTERINE TUBE AND UTERUS CONTRACT: AIDS SPERM TO EGG • ESTROGEN CAUSES EARLY UTERUS TO SECRETE A WATERY FLUID ?? • OF 200-600 SPERM ONLY A FEW HUNDRED REACH THE EGG

  5. FERTILIZATION • BINDS TO ZONA PELLUCIDA • ACROSOME RELEASES ENZYMES • HYALURONIDASE • ONE SPERM ENTERS AND LYSOSOMES HARDEN ZONA PELLUCIDA • SPEERM NUCLEUS ENTERS SECONDARY OOCYTE • UNEVEN CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION: MEIOSIS COMPLETED • 2 PRONUCLEI THEN MERGE: FERTILIZATION: ZYGOTE

  6. PRENATAL PERIOD • 38 WEEKS: • CLEAVAGE: 30 HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION • CELLS DIVIDE DON’T GROW ? • CELLS: BLASTOMERES • CLEAVAGE EMBRYO • MOVING DOWN UTERINE TUBE: 3 DAYS HOW? • NUTRIENTS ? • SOLID BALL: MORULA: 16 CELLS • FLOATS AROUND UTERUS ~3 DAYS • BLASTOCYST: LOSES ZONA PELUCIDA, HOLLOWS OUT • DROPS INTO ONE OF TUBULES • PLURIPOTENT CELLS ? • DIFFERENTIATES: INNER CELL MASS: EMBRYO PROPER • WALL: TROPHOBLAST: ASSISTING STRUCTURES • IMPLANTATION TAKES ~1 WEEK • PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES • UTERINE LINING DEVELOPS • hCG RELEASED: PROTECTS AGINST IMMINE SYSTEM; KEEPS CL ACTIVE; STIMULATES PLACENTA TO PRODUCE HOIMONES

  7. HORMONAL CHANGES • hCG: • PREVENT SPONTANEOUS ABORTION: MAINTAINS CL: SO STILL PRODUCES ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE: ?? • INHIBITS FSH AND LH SECRETION • WORKS FOR 2 MONTHS/ DECLINES • PLACENTA TAKES OVER PRODUCTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE • PLACENTAL LACTOGEN: BREAST DEVELOPMENT; PREPARE MAMMARY GLANDS • RELAXIN FROM CL AND PLACENTAL PROGESTERONE INHIBIT UTERINE MUSCLE CONTRACTION • ALSO RELAXES PUBIS AND SACROILIAC JOINT DURING LAST WEEK

  8. PLACENTAL ESTROGEN ENLARGES VAGINA • INCREASED ALDOSTERONE REATINS SODIUM = FLUID RETENTION • PTH: HELPS MAINTAIN HIGH MATERNAL BLOOD CALCIUM

  9. CHANGES • UTERUS ENLARGES ?? • INCREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT, BLOOD VOLUME, BREATHING RATE, URINE PRODUCTION ?? • EAT MORE: MAY SHOW DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

  10. EMBRYONIC STAGE • 2ND WEEK  8 WEEK • AMNIOTIC CAVITY FORMS • EMBRYONIC DISC: FORMS LAYERS • ECTODERM AND ENDODERM, THEN MESODERM • PRIMARY GERM LAYERS • GASTRULA • CONNECTING STALK • GASTRULATION • ENDODERM: EPITHELIAL • ENDODERM: EPITHEILIAL • MESODERM: CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  11. ECTODERM: NERVOUS SYSTEM, SENSE ORGANS, EPIDERMIS AND STRUCTURES, LININGS: MOUTH, ANAL • MESODERM: MUSCLE, BONE, MARROW, BLOOD AND VESSELS, LYMPHATIC TISSUE, INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, KIDNEYS, MESOTHELIUM OF CAVITIES • ENDODERM: EPITHELIAL LININGS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, RESPIRATORY TRACT, URINARY SYSTEM,

  12. CHORIONIC VILLI ?? • BECOMES MORE HUMAN LIKE • PLACENTAL MEMBRANE: • CHORIONIC MEMBRANE EPITHELIUM AND EPITHELIUM OF CAPILLARIES • TO ENDOTHELIUM OF UTERUS • DIFFUSION ?? • AMNIOTIC SAC AND AMNIOTIC FLUID FORM ?? • UMBILICAL CORD FORMS • 2 ARTERIES; VEIN • CHORION AND AMNION FUSE • YOLK SAC FORMS: BLOOD CELLS, SEX STEM CELLS

  13. ALLANTOSIS FORMS FROM YOLK SAC TO STALK • FORMS BLOOD CELLS • FORMS UMBILICAL VESSELS • AFTER 8 WEEKS: FETUS

  14. FETAL STAGE • 8 WEEKS TO BIRTH • MATURES/DEVELOPS • SKIN: SEBUM AND DEAD CELLS • SKELETON OSSIFIES • MUSCLES CONTRACT FAT LAYERS DEVELOP • 9 MONTHS: 266 DAYS: FULL TERM • 50 CM; 2.7-3.6 Kg • REPOSITIONS WITH HEAD DOWN

  15. FETAL CIRCULATION • UMBILICAL VEINS • HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN: FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HIGHER AFFINITY • MOST BYPASSES LIVER: DUCTUS VENOSUS • FROM RIGHT ATRIUM TO LEFT: FORAMEN OVALE • PARTIALLY BYPASSES LUNGS: DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS • UMBILICAL ARTERIES

  16. BIRTH • 38 WEEKS • PLACENTAL PROGESTERONE ?? • DECREASE PROGESTERONE, RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS STARTS LABOR • POSTERIOR PITUITARY RELEASES OXYTOCIN ?? • UTERINE MUSCLES CONTRACT • POSITIVE FEEDBACK: STRONGER CONTRACTIONS, MORE OXYTOCI • AFTERBIRTHN

  17. MILK PRODUCTION • DURING PREGNANCY • ESTROGEN CAUSES DUCTS TO DEVELOP • PROGESTERONE DEVELOPS ALVEOLAR GLNADS • PROGESTERONE INHIBITS PROLACTIN • AFTER BIRTH: • PROLACTIN NOT INHIBITED • MAMMARY GLANDS SECRETE MILK • SUCKLING: RELEASES OXYTOCIN: ALVEOLAR GLANDS RELEASE MILK • POSITIVE FEEDBACK • SLIGHT INHIBITION OF REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

  18. POSTNATAL PERIOD • NEONATAL • BIRTH– 4 WEEKS • BODILY FUNCTIONS ON OWN • SURFACTANT REDUCES SURFACE TENSION OF LUNGS • LIVER DOESN’T SUPPLY MUCH GLUCOSE: USES FAT • KIDNEYS IMMATURE: DEHYDRATION, ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE • BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION MAY TAKE TIME • UMBILICAL VESELS CONSTRICT, DUCTUS VENOSUS CONSTRICTS, FORAMEN OVALE CLOSES, DUCTUS ARTEIOSUS CONSTRICTS

  19. INFANCY • 4TH WEEK TO 1 YEAR • RAPID GROWTH • MATURATION AND COORDINATION • COMMUNICATION • DEPENDS ON PROPER NUTRITION

  20. CHILDHOOD • 1ST YEAR TO PUBERTY • PRIMARY TEETH  SECONDARY TEETH • RAPID GROWTH, MATURATION AND COORDINATION; CONTROL OF BLADDER AND BOWELS

  21. ADOLESCENCE • PUBERTY TO ADULTHOOD • PREPARATION FOR REPRODUCTION • FEMALES DEVELOP FIRST • HIGH LEVEL MOTOR SKILLS, INTELLIGENCE INCREASES, EMOTIONS MATURE

  22. ADULTHOOD • ADOLESCENCE TO OLD AGE • UNCHANGED FOR YEARS • 30: DEGENERATION BEGINS: • SKELETAL MUSCLES LOSE STRENGTH • CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM LESS EFFICIENT • SKIN LESS ELASTIC • SEX CELL DEVELOPMENT DECLINES

  23. SENESCENCE • GROWING OLD • DEGENERATION CONTINUES • FROM PROLONGED USE, DISEASE AND CELLULAR CHANGE • LOSS OF SOME INTELLECTUAL ABILITY, SENSORY FUNCTIONS, LESS COORDINATION PHYSIOLOGICALLY

  24. DEATH • USUALLY FROM DISTURBANCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OR DISEASE OF VITAL ORGANS • PREACTIVE DYING: 3 MONTHS, WITHDRAWS SOCIALLY, APPETITE WANES • ACTIVE DYING: 2 WEEKS: RESTS, CONFUSED, EATS LITTLE, ORGAN SYSTEM SHUT DOWN, SKIN MOTTLING, CONGESTION, LOUD BREATHING

  25. PASSIVE AGING • BREAKDOWN OF STRUCTURES, SLOWING OF FUNCTIONS • CONNECTIVE TISSUE BREAKDOWN • DNA ERRORS BUILD UP • LIPDS  LIPOFUSCHIN • DAMAGE FROM FREE RADICALS

  26. ACTIVE AGING • AUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPS • APOPTOSIS

  27. HUMAN LIFE SPAN • 120 YEARS • US: • MALE: 75.4 • FEMALE: 83.2 • MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: FUTURE??????????

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