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Geography/Planning 379 “Urban Growth & Development” Lecture 1: Overview of Course / What’s Urban?

Geography/Planning 379 “Urban Growth & Development” Lecture 1: Overview of Course / What’s Urban? Introduction & Course Requirements Urban vs. Rural Classification; Urban Places, Urban Clusters Urbanized Areas Metropolitan Areas The new CBSAs & Micropolitan Areas

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Geography/Planning 379 “Urban Growth & Development” Lecture 1: Overview of Course / What’s Urban?

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  1. Geography/Planning 379 • “Urban Growth & Development” • Lecture 1: Overview of Course / What’s Urban? • Introduction & Course Requirements • Urban vs. Rural Classification; Urban Places, Urban Clusters • Urbanized Areas • Metropolitan Areas • The new CBSAs & Micropolitan Areas • Concepts of Under- versus Over-bounding • Urban Subunit Definition • “Location Matters.” • --The Geographer’s Motto Website: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~plane/geog379.html Reading Required:Kaplan et al. Textbook Ch. 2, pp. 22-57 Optional:Breckenfield; Cronon

  2. Urban & Metropolitan Area Definition Urban vs. Rural Area Definition; Urban Places, Urban Clusters • How big to be considered “urban” ? • Since 1790 Census: Minimum pop = 2,500 • Prior to Census 2000, “Urban” based on “Place” boundaries: Incorporated Place (City, Town, Village) or CDP (Census Designated Place) Boundaries • Example of a CDP: Green Valley – it is not incorporated • Beginning with Census 2000, new units called “Urban Clusters” defined based on population density • The official “urban” territory of the USA consists of all Urban Clusters of 2,500+ population and all “UAs”

  3. Urban & Metropolitan Area Definition Urbanized Areas • UA in this class means: “Urbanized Area” • Built-up areas that include major cities • Urbanized Area boundaries like Urban Clusters based on the Population Density of individual blocks • Density threshold was ≥ 1,000 people/square mile; now, under some conditions, ≥ 500 per sq mi UA “Built-up” Area Central City

  4. Urban and Rural Population of the USACensus 2000 Data

  5. Urban & Metropolitan Area Definition Metropolitan Areas • MSAs = Metropolitan Statistical Areas • One or more counties that are: “economically and socially integrated” • 340 MSAs were used for Census 2000 • To qualify, must have a Central City (or 2+ CCs) with 50,000+ population County A County B Central City 15%+ In-Commuting

  6. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (Used for Census 2000)

  7. Arizona’s Metropolitan Statistical Areas Census 2000 Metro Areas • Phoenix-Mesa, AZ MSAMaricopa and Pinal Counties • Tucson, AZ MSAPima County • Yuma, AZ MSA Yuma County • Flagstaff, AZ-UT, MSACoconino County AZKane County UT • Las Vegas, NV-AZ, MSAMohave County AZClark County NVNye County, NV

  8. Urban & Metropolitan Area Definition The New CBSAs and Micropolitan Areas • Census 2000 data and old MSA definitions used for our 1st Project • Since 2000, new metropolitan area definitions • And “Micropolitan” Statistical Areas added • Still use counties as building blocks • Cores are no longer central cities • New Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) based on Urbanized Area cores for Metropolitan Statistical Areas or Urban Cluster cores with 10,000-49,999 Population for Micropolitan Statistical Areas Example: Prescott Micropolitan Statistical Area (Yavapai County)

  9. Urban & Metropolitan Area DefinitionConcepts of Under-bounding versus Over-bounding • Most American cities are under-bounded • City limits do not include the entire functional urban entity – the urbanized or metro area • Annexation difficult • Suburban cities landlocked the old central cities UA “Built-up” Area Central City

  10. Urban & Metropolitan Area DefinitionConcepts of Under-bounding versus Over-bounding • Metropolitan Statistical Areas are over-bounded • Especially in the West, where counties are huge • Example: Pima County includes lots of rural territory outside the area of intense daily interaction Pima County is bigger than fiveof the US states! Land area same as Massachusetts

  11. Urban Subunit Definition • Census Collection is based on Housing Units • Households persons living in Housing Units • Families include related individuals • Blocks Lowest geography at which data are reported Can only obtain limited data for these • Block GroupsConsist of several blocks Smallest units for which there are full data • Census TractsSubdivisions of MSAs ca. 2,500 - 8,000 people You will be using Census Tracts for your 1st Project!

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