Low Carbon World Economy and Ice Cap at North Pole

1. Low Carbon World Economy and Ice Cap at North Pole

2. 1. Present Situation 1.1 CO2 – emissions 1.2 Reasons for rising CO2 – emissions2. Consequences of climate change 3. Ways to stop ice cap melting 3.1 Decarbonization of world economy and transport 3.2 New energy systems

3. 1.1 Present Situation

4. The CO2 concentration in 1750 before the industrial revolution was 250-270ppm In 2000 the CO2 and methan concentration rises up to 380ppm plus 70ppm Oxidnitrat is equivalent with 450ppm CO2

5. Now there are 3000 Billion tons CO2 in the Atmosphere in addition 26 Billion tons per year. Expected CO2 emissions in 2050 : 42 Billion tons per year

6. OECD - Memberstates

7. 1.2 Reasons for rising CO2 Emission: - rising world population (more transport, more energy, more food, more habitat, more waste) - modern industry / industry revolution (more energy, more transport, more waste, higher raw material consumption) - modern society (more transport, more waste, human greed)

8. 2. General consequences of climate change -Rising number of extreme weather phenomena -Floods -Droughts -Hurricanes -Tsunamis / tidal waves -Forest fires -Water shortage & agricultural problems -Change / fail of ecological systems -Dying of rainforest -Relocation of climate zones -Feedback on global warming -Permafrost melting -Sea level rise & melting of polar caps

9. ConsequencesiftheNorthpoleismelting

10. Comparison of Arctic sea ice minimum in 2007 with 2005 and the 1979-2000 median minimum.

11. At first the good news: • The Icedevelopment in the North-East-Passage • allowstoshipping an attractive route toFar East: • Shorter thanthewaythroughthe Panama cannel • andevenshorterthan a passagebythe Suez Cannel • Access to Resources: • Oilandnatural Gas • Coal • Minerals such as gold, silver, platinum, copper and other • Fishing areas

12. And the bad News by the Example of Bangladesh

13. The sea-level rises „only“ for 1,5 metre there are 15% of the Population (it means 17 million People!!!) and 16% of the land areas (22,000 km2) affected These People are loosing all and become climate refugees. This can destabilise this region and cause a regional conflict

14. There is another problem in the Arctic area

15. Every neighboring state want its Part of the arctic cap, but there are unsettled borders between these countries

16. The maritime law arrangement (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)) of the United Nations in the year 1982 states with oceanic coast have the right on restricted control of the water surface up to a distance of 200 sea miles (~,370 km) of the base-coastal line (so-called exclusive economic zone).

17. This means that five bordering states of the Arctic Ocean with territory raise to the north of the polar circle, Norway, Denmark, Russia, the USA as well as Canada, territorial claims to parts of the north polar sea.

18. This development gives a new hot spot to the world. The military power demonstrations together with political statements of the protagonists illustrate the explosive effect of the situation on the North Pole.

19. 3.1 Decarbonisation of the wolrd economy World economy is divided into three sectors: -Energy -Industry -Transport Energy -Use less coal, gas and oil -Pushing on the change towards green energies -Wind, solar and hydrodynamic power Industry -Upgrade of industrial facilities to increase efficiency -Strengthen research programs Transport -Improving the energy efficiency performance of vehicles across all modes -Optimizing the performance of multimodal logistic chains -Using transport and infrastructure more efficiently

20. 3.2 New energy systems Wind Solar Biomass Nuclearenergy

21. Nuclear Energy Pros: • electricity price is very low • Zero CO2 emissions • Energy Independence (e.g. to oil) • Nuclear waste can be recycled in processing plants Cons: • High costs for storing the nuclear waste • Very high building costs (nuclear power plants) • No store for higly nuclear waste until now • Finiteness of Uranium (≈63 years)

22. Wind Energy Pros: • Free renewableenergy • Low-emission energy • Cheapestrenewableenergy/kwh Cons: • irregularlyenergysource • Changinglandscapes

23. Solar Energy Pros: • Free energysource • Clean emission-lessenergyproduction • Manypossibleapplications Cons: • Unsteady solar radiation • Costlyproducingof solar moduls • Useoftoxicsubstances

24. Biomass Pros: • Manypossibleapplications • Renewableressources • Positive CO2bilance Cons: • nounlimitedexpansionpossibilities

25. Key Facts about the French energy system Sources of electricity in France 2006:

26. Key Facts about the French energy system • France obtains 75 % of its electricity from nuclear energy • World largest net exporter • Very active in nuclear technology (reactors, fuel products, services) • 17 % of France‘s electricity is from recycled nuclear fuel

27. Climate change world economy and ice cap at the noth pole 1- decarbonization and capture and storage of CO2.2. using of renewable energies such as : wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, etc.3 improvment of public transportation to be more energy efficient and comfortable.

28. Tips to reduce our personal consumption of energy to reduce of CO2 emissions 1. Turn off the air conditioner unless it’s absolutely necessary.2. Minimise your use of the car. It’s burning fossil fuels directly! 3. Take shorter showers. This saves water and the energy needed to heat the water.