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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Acids. Acid comes from the Latin word Acidus meaning sour. Most common components of acid is a donatable proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). Properties of Acids. Tastes sour. Causes litmus to change from blue to red.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acids • Acid comes from the Latin word Acidus meaning sour. • Most common components of acid is a donatable proton or hydrogen ion (H+).

  3. Properties of Acids • Tastes sour. • Causes litmus to change from blue to red. • Reacts with active metals like Mg, Zn, and Fe to produce hydrogen gas. • Reacts with bases to produce water and a salt. • Acids are electrolytes.

  4. Properties of Bases • Bitter Taste • Slippery feel • Turn litmus paper blue • Turns pink with phenolthalein • Reacts with acid to form salt and water • Electrolytes

  5. Strong acid or base- An electrolyte that ionizes 100% in aqueous solution. Weak acid or base- Exists in solution as hydronium or hydroxide ions, anions, and dissolved acid or base molecules.

  6. Strong Electrolytes • All Soluble Salts • HCl, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4, HBr, HI • NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

  7. In 1884 a Swedish chemist, Svante Arrhenius, proposed the first definition of an acid that we still use today. An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions. HCl → H+ + Cl-

  8. Arrhenius Base • Substance that contains hydroxide ions and dissociates to give hydroxide ions in solution. • NaOH → Na++ OH- • Alkaline- Solution that contains hydroxide ions from a soluble base.

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