Chapter 5

1. Chapter 5 Forming a Government

2. Warm-up: Define the following words: • Constitution • Suffrage • Articles of Confederation • Ratification • Tariffs • Interstate commerce • Inflation • Depression • Bicameral Legislature • Popular sovereignty • Federalism • Unicameral Legislature • Legislative branch • Executive branch • Judicial branch • Checks and balances • Anti-federalists • Federalists • Amendments • Bill of Rights • Federal system • Impeach • Veto • Executive orders • pardons

3. Chapter 5 Section 1 Notes pgs. 152-162 • After winning the Revolutionary War: NEW GOAL is to CREATE a NEW Gov’t • Major Concerns: • Limited Gov’t –all leaders have to obey the laws • Protection of Citizens’ Rights (religious freedom) • Rights to those accused of Crimes • Slavery • Suffrage (right to vote)-landowners & those who paid taxes

4. Articles of Confederation-1st National Constitution of the U.S. • Major Characteristics: • 1 branch of Gov’t with limited power- Congress • No President (afraid of a “King”) • No National Court System • States had the power to refuse any requests from National Gov’t • ( soldiers, following treaties, borrowing or issuing money) • No checks & balances

5. Northwest Ordinance of 1787-established procedures for bringing new states into the Union • *population of 60,000 • *write a State Constitution • *public education system • *banned slavery

6. Problems of the New Nation: (Map pg 159) • 1. Britain • *Soldiers refused to leave area around Great Lakes-valuable land with fur trade • *Britain closed many ports to American ships • *Required American merchants to pay tariffs in order to sell their goods in Britain

7. 2. Spain • *Spain closed lower section of Miss River to U.S. shipping • 3. “Dis-United States” • *Each state looked out for itself • *Minted own money which became worthless (Inflation)

8. All these problems led the new country: • - Into a Depression • -Western NC formed its own state-Franklin-major conflict • -Shays Rebellion-hundreds of farmers protested high taxes & heavy debt • Rebellion led to a call for a Stronger National Gov’t

9. Homework • Read Chapter 5 Section 2 pg. 158-162 • Complete Chapter 5 Section 2 Assessment pg. 162 #1-4

10. Warm-up: You own an orchard in Maryland in the 1780’s. When you sell apples and apple pies in the market, people pay you with paper money. But now the tax collector says you must pay your taxes in gold or silver coins, not paper money. You and the other farmers are furious. Is this the liberty you fought a war for? What would you do to protest these taxes? • Essential Question: What problems did the United States have with Great Britain?

11. Chapter 5 Section 2 notes pgs. 163-173 • May 1787 Constitutional Convention – to improve the Articles of Confederation • Meet in Philadelphia at Independence Hall • President-George Washington

12. Virginia Plan-helped the larger states • *more power to the National Gov’t • *bicameral legislature (2 houses) • *# of representatives from each state based on population • *unfair Representation for smaller states

13. New Jersey Plan-helped the smaller states • *unicameral legislature (1 house) • *each state would have equal # of representatives • *more power to the states

14. Great Compromise-helped both states • *bicameral legislature • *Senate (upper house)-equal rep’s • *House of Representatives-# of reps from each state based on population

15. 3/5’s Compromise- • *Southern States wanted slaves counted in population • *Northern States against this • *Compromise-3/5’s of the slave population would be counted

16. Major Ideas of the Constitution • -Popular Sovereignty-People have the Power (vote) • -Federalism-strong federal (national, central) gov’t over state gov’ts • -3 Branches of Gov’t • *legislative branch (makes laws) Congress with 2 houses • *executive branch (carries out laws) President and V.P. • *judicial branch (interprets laws) Supreme Court

17. -Checks & Balances-powers of gov’t are equal; one can not become too powerful • Anti-Federalists-against the Constitution • *did not protect individual’s rights • Federalists- supported the Constitution

18. 9 states needed to ratify (pass) the Constitution (NC & Rhode Is. Refused to ratify) • Bill of Rights-1st 10 Amendments added to the Constitution protecting individual rights • 1789-All states ratified the document • 1789-Former part NC, State of Franklin, fell apart and became the state of Tennessee • James Madison-Father of the Constitution

19. Homework • Study for Test next week

20. Chapter 6 Citizenship and the Constitution

21. Warm-up: You have just been elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. You know that committees do much of the work in Congress. They deal with many different fields such as foreign policy, agriculture, national security, science, and education. You would like to ask for a spot on a committee whose work interest you. Which committee would you ask to serve on and why? • Essential Question: How do delegated, reserved, and concurrent powers differ?

22. Chapter 6 Sec 1 notes pgs. 222-225 • Rights & Responsibilities of American Citizens • 1. To VOTE - Most Vital Role of Citizens • U.S. citizens choose who will lead their gov’t • Majority Rules-the greatest # of people in society can make policies for everyone • 2. Obey the laws & respect Authority of those chosen to make the laws • Ignorance of the law is not an excuse

23. 3. Pay Taxes • Taxes pay for services: roads, police, public schools • 4. Defend our Country • All males 18 or over must register with a selective service • 5. Serve on a Jury • Everyone has the right of a trial by jury; must be will to serve to protect this right

24. Homework • Read pg. 188 – 203 of the Constitution. Be prepared to discuss tomorrow.