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Verbs

Verbs. Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES. Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an action. For example: past, present, future. Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular and plural:. Verbs: “Persons”. Singular Plural 1 st person I… we…

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Verbs

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  1. Verbs • Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES. • Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an action. For example: past, present, future. • Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular and plural:

  2. Verbs: “Persons” Singular Plural 1st person I… we… 2nd person you… you (y’all )… 3rd person he, she, it… they…

  3. Finding the Present Stem • amo, amare • laboro, laborare • paro, parare • porto, portare • specto, spectare • AMA- • LABORA- • PARA- • PORTA- • SPECTA-

  4. Present Active Tense Endings The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings Singular Plural First Person mus we o I tis you Second Person you s he, she,it nt they Third Person t Cantemus! (let’s sing…!)

  5. I loveI am lovingI do love First Person We loveWe are lovingWe do love Am o Ama mus Second Person You loveYou are lovingYou do love You loveYou are lovingYou do love Ama tis Ama s He lovesHe is lovingHe does love Third Person They loveThey are lovingThey do love Ama t Ama nt Present Active

  6. Imperfect TenseText p. 180 (lesson 26) • Imperfect tense is a past tense. • It shows past action uncompleted. • There are several ways to translate imperfect tense: • was verbing • used to verb • kept on verbing • verbed

  7. Imperfect Active Tense Endings The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings Singular Plural First Person BAMUS we BAM I BATIS you Second Person you BAS he, she,it BANT they Third Person BAT

  8. I was lovingI used to loveI kept on loving I loved bamus First Person We were loving (etc.) Ama bam Ama You were lovingYou used to loveYou kept on loving You loved Second Person You were loving…(etc.) Ama batis Ama bas He was loving… (etc.) Third Person They were loving(etc.) Ama bat Ama bant Imperfect Tense

  9. Imperfect Tense Practice • Spectabamus • Portabat • Amabas • Parabatis • Navigabam • Monstrabant • We were watching • He/she/it was carrying • You were loving • Y’all were preparing • I was sailing • They were showing

  10. Future Tense Verbs • The future tense refers to something that will or is going to happen at a future time. • In English, we use the helping verbs “will” or “shall” to express future tense. • Latin uses prefixes on the present tense verb endings to make future tense verb endings, like this…

  11. Future Tense Endings Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text)

  12. I will love First Person We will love Ama bo Ama bimus Second Person You will love Ya’ll will love Ama bitis Ama bis He/she/it will love Third Person They will love Ama bit Ama bunt Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text)

  13. Let’s practice translating future tense verbs! amabo 2. spectabit 3. portabunt 4. parabitis 5. spectabis 6. parabo 7. laborabit 8. laborabimus

  14. “SUM” • “Sum” is the “to be” verb. • Like other languages, including English, “sum” is an irregular verb in Latin. • Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its forms are all different in the singular?

  15. Present Tense: SUMtext p. 109 These are stand-alone words, not endings.

  16. “SUM” in action! • Nauta sum. • Estregina. • Es agricola bonus. • Suntmali. • Sumusparvi. • Estisreginae. • I am a sailor. • She is a queen. • You are a good farmer. • They are bad. • We are small. • Y’all are queens.

  17. Imperfect Tense: ERAMtext p. 181 These are stand-alone words, not endings.

  18. “ERAM” in action! • Nautaeram. • Eratregina. • Eras agricola bonus. • Erantmali. • Eramusparvi. • Eratisreginae. • I was a sailor. • She was a queen. • You were a good farmer. • They were bad. • We were small. • Y’all were queens.

  19. Future Tense: EROtext p. 127 (1st chart only) These are stand-alone words, not endings.

  20. “ERO” in action! • Nautaero. • Eritservus. • Eris agricola bonus. • Eruntlaeti (happy). • Numeruseritparvus. • Victoria erit grata. • I will be a sailor. • He will be a slave. • You will be a good farmer. • They will be happy. • The number will be small. • Victory will be pleasing.

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