Bio 9A/9D: Friday, January 14, 2011 Title: Cell Specialization, Part 2

1. Bio 9A/9D: Friday, January 14, 2011Title: Cell Specialization, Part 2 • Homework: • Read Section 35-2 (pgs 897-900). and take notes using active reading strategies – see assignment sheet for details (Wed’s HW) • Silent Do Now: (NOT in notebook!) Get a Cell Specialization worksheet. Read it and answer the questions. • Today’s Objective: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions

2. Today’s Agenda Period 1: • Cell Specialization: Discuss the Do Now • Notes Period 2: • Reaction Time Lab • Intro • Pre-Lab Questions • Complete Part 1 of the Lab

3. Investigate Cell SpecializationSpecialized Cells have Specialized Structures “Typical” Cell “Mystery” Cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

4. The Nervous System PHA Biology 9 Moretti and Dickson

5. Nervous System:The 2 Major Divisions • Central Nervous System = Brain and spinal cord • Brain: Processes information, controls responses • Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves, controls reflex responses. • Peripheral Nervous System = All other nerves throughout the body • Sensory nerves send info from sense organs to brain • Motor nerves send info from brain to muscles • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components Image: Adam, Inc.; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/8679.jpg

6. Nervous System:Major Divisions Working Together • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

7. Neurons • Neuron = a specialized nerve cell • Function: communicate with body organs by sending electrical signals (impulses) • Structure: • Long branches send and receive signals • Cell body coordinates incoming and outgoing signals

8. Neurons:Structure and Function • Dendrites:branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles • Axon:Takes impulses away • from cell body • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

9. Neurons:Structure and Function Axon Cell Body Dendrites • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

10. Reaction Time Lab • How do your nervous and musculoskeletal systems work together to allow you to see and catch a falling meter stick? • Which muscle groups will respond faster – fingers or arms? • Lab Intro & Demonstration • Pre-Lab Questions (with your partner) • Complete Part 1 of the Lab

11. Bio 9A/9D: Tuesday, 1/18/11Title: Communication in the Nervous System • Homework: • In notebook – 2 paragraphs summarizing class notes (see assignment sheet for details…) • How do the brain, spinal cord, sensory nerves, and motor nerves work together to sense and respond to a stimulus? • How does the structure of a neuron fit its function? • Silent Do Now: (in notebook w/ title & date) • What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon? • How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron? • Choose at least one of the following words and write as much as you can about what you think they mean: Stimulus Impulse Synapse Neurotransmitter

12. Bio 9A/9D: Tuesday, 1/18/11Title: Communication in the Nervous System • Today’s Objectives: • Define and explain how stimuli, impulses, synapses, and neurotransmitters help neurons communicate. • Describe and reflect on the results of the Reaction Time Lab • Today’s Agenda • Notes: How Neurons Communicate • Reaction Time Lab: • Compile and discuss results (Who’s the fastest?? With which muscles??) • Answer Post-Lab Questions

13. Communication in the nervous system 1/18/11

14. Nerve Impulse:A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron 3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse: • Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron). • Electric impulse travels to cell body. • Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals. Stimulus! (Sound, smell, sight, taste, another neuron’s signal) • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

15. The “wave” of a nerve impulse: • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

16. Neurons communicate with other cells… • Other neurons • Muscle cells Brain cell Muscle cell Motor neuron Synapse: The place where a neuron connects to another cell Motor neuron

17. Communication At the Synapse: • Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule). • Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell. • This triggers an impulse in the next neuron, ORtriggers a muscle cell to contract. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

18. Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

19. Reaction Time Lab: Results • Who has the fastest reaction times? • Record the Class Averages in your Lab Packet • Answer the Post-Lab Questions (this is additional HW if you don’t finish it now!) • Summarize: Which muscle group was faster – fingers or arms? Why do you think this is? • Reflect on your hypothesis: Do the results support it? Explain!

20. Bio 9A/9D: Wednesday, 1/19/11Title: Movement Unit – Review & Wrap-Up • Homework: • Prepare notes for the in-class essay tomorrow – you can use anything written on your lab packet (see back page). • Have your notebook ready to turn in during homeroom tomorrow! • Silent Do Now: (NOT in notebook) • Take out the Reaction Time Lab and turn to the Post-Lab Conclusions • Write at least 3 sentences for each question based on the class data (wait 1 minute then we’ll show this) • If you have already answered them, add to your answers based on the class data…

21. Bio 9A/9D: Wednesday, 1/19/11Title: Movement Unit – Review & Wrap-Up • Today’s Objectives & Agenda: • Prepare for tomorrow’s in-class essay by making notes on the lab packet to answer the prompt • Work on revising labs and projects in order to raise your biology grade • Rules for Class Work Today: • Work silently on your own to prepare notes for tomorrow’s in-class essay • After 10 minutes of productive silent work, you may ask permission to work with a partner • Once done prepping tomorrow’s essay you may ask permission to use a laptop to work on revisions

22. Bio 9A/9D: Thursday, 1/20/11Title: Movement Unit – In-Class Essay • Homework: • None  • Silent Do Now: • How does the Nervous System connect with the Muscle System? • How does the Muscle System connect with the Skeletal System? • Today’s Objective: • Explain how the nervous and musculoskeletal systems work together to make you move!

23. Agenda • Review Do Now. • In-Class Essay • Counts as a quiz grade • Open notes – use anything written on your lab packet Today’s Objective: Explain how the nervous, muscle, and skeletal systems work together to make you catch a falling meter stick.