EGGS

1. EGGS

3. Nutrients Eggs are a nutrient dense food and contain essential amino acids as well as many vitamins and minerals. They are quick and easy to prepare for a nutritious meal or contribute nutrients to food products.

4. EGGS HAVE: • High quality protein – contain all essential amino acids • Vitamins –minerals • Only missing Vitamin is C • Could be said that they are high cholesterol food

5. Functions of Eggs

6. Emulsifying Agents Food: Mayonnaise hollandaise An emulsion is a mixture that forms when you combine liquids that do not ordinarily mix To keep the liquids from separating you need an emulsifying agent Egg yolk is an excellent emulsifying agent. The yolk surrounds the oil droplets to keep them suspended

7. Foams – Incorporating Air Food: Cakes, meringues, mousse, souffle Foams are used to add air to foods When you beat air into egg whites, many air cells form As the beating continues, the cells become smaller and more numerous as a result the foam thickens

8. Foamy stage

9. Soft Peak Stage

10. Stiff peak Stage - Meringue

11. Thickener Heat causes egg proteins to thicken (coagulate) Foods - sauces, custards, and puddings

12. Binding Agent Eggs act to hold ingredients together Meatloaf is an example of eggs used in this way

13. Interfering Agent Frozen desserts like ice cream stay creamy because eggs inhibit the formation of large ice crystals which would ruin the texture of the dessert

14. Structure Eggs form the structure of many baked goods.

15. Coating Eggs are used to help a coating adhere to a food

16. Flavoring Eggs add flavor to many foods

17. color EGGS ADD A GOLDEN COLOR TO BAKED GOODS

18. How many ways to cook an egg • Traditionally it is thought that a CHEF HAT or TOQUE has one hundred pleats, each one representing a different way of preparing an egg • A chef’s skill is often judged by how well he can cook a simple omelet or fried egg

19. Cooking Rules for Eggs: 1. Avoidexcessive temperatures 2. Avoid excessive cooking time

20. Cooking Methods – whole eggs For Large Egg Soft-cooked yolk 4 to 5 minutes  Medium-cooked yolk 6 minutes  Hard-cooked yolk 17 minutes Boiled For perfect cooking, start with eggs that don't have any visible cracks To get perfectly peeled hard-cooked eggs, use eggs that are at least 3 to 5 days.  Bring your eggs to room temperature before cooking. Gently place the eggs in a single layer in a pan with enough cold water to cover eggs completely (approximately by 1 inch). As soon as the water reaches a rapid boil, remove pan from heat and cover egg pan tightly with a lid.

21. Omelet The proper pan is important for successful omelet making. For a 2 or 3 egg omelet, an 8-inch skillet is the best size. It should be shallow with slopping sides to make it easy to slide the finished omelet out. Always prepare several individual omelets, rather than one large omelet. Water, not milk, is recommended for omelet egg mixtures. Poached Bring the poaching liquid to a boil and then reduce to a simmer before adding the eggs (bubbles should not break the surface). When you poach eggs, try adding a little vinegar and salt to the water. Try creating a gentle whirlpool in the simmering water and slip your egg into the middle of that. Don't disturb the egg once you have put it in the water

22. Devilled Extremely fresh eggs are not recommended when making hard-boiled eggs. They are very difficult to peel. This is the best use for eggs nearing their expiration date. To help center the yolks in the eggs, the night before the eggs are to be cooked (approximately 12 hours), store your eggs on their sides in the refrigerator. Seal the egg carton with a piece of tape and turn on its side to center the yolks.  Fried Use as fresh eggs as possible Use butter to cook eggs Use non stick pan Note: many states do not permit sunny side or undercooked eggs

23. Microwave EGGS MICRO-COOKED IN THEIR SHELLS WILL EXPLODE! Omelets, scrambled eggs and poached eggs micro-cook well on full power (high). Always use a wooden pick or tip of a knife to break the yolk membrane of an unbeaten egg before micro-cooking to allow the steam to escape. Covering cooking containers with a lid, plastic wrap or wax paper encourages more even cooking. Scrambled The secret to successfully scrambling eggs is slow cooking. A rubber spatula does a good job of moving the eggs. Always remove scrambled eggs from the heat when they are almost set but still appear shiny and a bit underdone.

24. EGG GRADING Egg grades are based on the shape of the yolk and the amounts of thick and thin whites. Before they are sold, eggs are graded. This used to be done by holding the egg over a bright light so you could see through the shell. This process was called “candling”. Grade AA egg Grade A egg The egg will lose quality as it ages. The older an egg gets, the flatter the yolk and thinner the whites.

25. How can you tell a fresh egg from a spoiled one? A spoiled egg has a shiny shell and floats inwater. It is only AFTER you crack open the egg that it smells bad, and by that time you may have added the egg to your other ingredients. That would be TOO LATE! If you suspect that an egg may be spoiled, use this water test first. A fresh egg has a domed yolk (not flattened). There is plenty of thick egg white (notice both the thick and thin whites in the picture) and the whites are translucent (see-thru).

26. Separating Eggs Some recipes call just for the egg whites, while others call only for the yolks. When separating the two parts, be careful not to break the yolk. If a yolk does break and gets into the white, use the sharp edge of an empty shell to scoop the yolk out of the whites. An “egg separator” utensil such as this one can be purchased by those who have difficulty separating eggs.

27. Egg whites start out being “slimy”. As they are beaten, air is added. The whites turn from pale yellow to white in color and increase in “volume”. The more volume…the better. You should follow as many rules as possible for… increasing the volume of beaten egg whites! A. Eggs should be at room temperature B. Don’t get any yolk mixed in with the whites C. Use a smaller deep bowl, rather than a larger shallow one D. Use a copper bowl E. Make sure eggs are at least 3 days old F. No grease residue allowed! (none on beaters, bowl, etc.)

28. Selecting eggs for hard-cooking (hard boiling) ... EGGS USED FOR HARD-COOKING MUST BE AT LEAST 3 DAYS OLD! In eggs fresher than 3 days old, the outer membrane adheres to the shell during the cooking process. When you try to peel the egg, chunks of egg white cling to the shell, and are removed when the egg is peeled. What a mess!

29. How can you tell a raw egg from a hard-cooked egg without breaking the shell? Place the egg on it’s pointed end, and spin it like a toy top. A hard-cooked egg will spin, but a raw egg will topple over immediately! (The heavy yolk wobbles back and forth inside, causing the egg to topple over.)

30. Adding egg yolks to hot mixtures... You cannot add egg yolks directly to hot mixtures or the egg will cook instantly and cause lumps! You must first “warm” the yolks. Begin by slowly adding the hot mixture to the beaten yolks while stirring the yolks constantly. Then reverse the procedure, adding the warmed yolks to the hot mixture. This process of warming the yolks first is called… tempering!

31. MERINGUE A “meringue” is basically a mixture of beaten egg whites and sugar. Although there are several types, the most common use of meringue is as a topping for pies. If the oven temperature is too high, the meringue will shrivel and shrink back from the edges of the crust. Too low of temperature causes the meringue to be dry. If too much sugar is beaten into the egg whites, yellow liquid “beads” will appear on the baked and cooled meringue. This is called “weeping”. It is an undesirablequality…measure carefully!

32. Your egg whites turned gray while being beaten? You were probably using an aluminum bowl or aluminum beaters, or perhaps your nickel or chrome plated beaters have a nick on the finish. Egg whites exposed to aluminum causes them to turn gray in color! Your egg whites turned green while being beaten? Were you using a copper bowl that had traces of some sort of acid present…like cream of tartar or lemon juice? The metalcopper in combination with acid causes egg whites to turn a greenish color!

33. COMMON EGG DISHES: DEVILLED EGGS 1. Check eggs for cracks. Cover with cold water. 2. Bring water to just-under-boiling. Time for 10 minutes. 3. Immediately cool eggs. Overcooking allows the iron in the yolk to reach the outside of the yolk and leave a green ring around the yolk. 4. Remove shells. 6. Place yolks in a shallow dish, such as a pie plate. 7. Thoroughly mash yolks with a fork. 5. Cut eggs in half lengthwise and remove yolks. 8. Moisten with mayonnaise. Add mustard and seasonings to taste. 9. Fill hollows of egg whites with the yolk mixture. Garnish as desired. Paprika is a popular garnish…adding color and sweetness.

34. COMMON EGG DISHES: OMELETS 1. Select a skillet with sloping sides and a lid. Non-stick surfaces such as teflon are ideal. 2. Beat whole eggs and seasonings. Usually 2 or 3 eggs are used. 3. Melt butter in skillet (even if teflon) and add beaten eggs. 4. Carefully lift edges of cooked eggs, allowing uncooked mixture to run underneath. 5. If you are adding fillings such as diced ham and grated cheese, place those fillings on only ½ of the egg mixture. Adding the lid at this time will help heat the filling. 6.Using a spatula/turner, carefully lift the unfilled side of the cooked egg mixture and fold it in half over the filled side of the omelet. Continue cooking ‘til filling is completely done. 7. Carefully slide the omelet out of the skillet and onto a plate. 8. Serve this “french omelet” plain or with condiments. A “puffy” omelet is one in which stiffly beaten egg whites are folded into egg yolks. It starts cooking on the stovetop and finishes in the oven. It is not filled, but often served with sauce.

35. COMMON EGG DISHES: CUSTARDS A “custard” is any soft, egg-based dish. Unsweetened ones can be served as main or side dishes, while sweet custards are served for dessert. Real men don’t eat quiche! The delicate flavors of this custard-based dish are often not appreciated by the “meat and potatoes” crowd. Served as a main dish for breakfast or lunch, common quiche fillings include ham, crumbled bacon, sausage, swiss cheese, and vegetables. Pumpkin pie and baked custard cups are two favorite dessert custards. Use the knife test to check a custard for doneness. Insert the knife halfway between the center and the edge of the dish. If the knife comes out clean…the custard is done. These custard cups are set in a pan of water for baking. The water moderates the baking temperature.

36. Challenging egg dishes... Are you looking for a challenge? Perhaps you should try making a souffle’. Served as a main or side dish, or sweetened and served as dessert…the key ingredient of any souffle’ are the beaten egg whites that are carefully folded in. The voluminous egg whites cause the souffle’ to rise, but even a slight vibration or temperature change may cause it to “fall”! This “high hat” souffle is baked in a straight sided dish. It rises above the edge of the dish and obtains a crown-effect. A traditional hollandaise is a mild egg, butter, and lemon sauce that requires constant stirring. It is served over green vegetables or “eggs benedict”. Shown on the right, this consists of an English muffin topped with canadian bacon, poached egg, and sauce.

37. THE END NOW IT'S YOUR TURN TO COOK THE INCREDIBLE, EDIBLE EGGS!