1 / 69

EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS DETECTION METHODS, RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES MICHAŁ RÓŻYCZKA

EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS DETECTION METHODS, RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES MICHAŁ RÓŻYCZKA NICOLAUS COPERNICUS ASTRONOMICAL CENTER 1 ST PLANETS SHOOL, HEIDELBERG, OCT. 8 TH , 2003. AN EASY INTRODUCTION FOR EVERYBODY. The f irst discoveries Observ ing planet formation

xantha-moody
Download Presentation

EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS DETECTION METHODS, RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES MICHAŁ RÓŻYCZKA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS DETECTION METHODS, RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES MICHAŁ RÓŻYCZKA NICOLAUS COPERNICUS ASTRONOMICAL CENTER 1STPLANETS SHOOL, HEIDELBERG, OCT. 8TH, 2003 AN EASY INTRODUCTION FOR EVERYBODY

  2. The first discoveries • Observing planet formation • Detecting „mature” planets • Statistics of extrasolar systems • Future space missions

  3. THE FIRST DISCOVERIES

  4. 1ST EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEM ANNOUNCED IN JANUARY 1992 ALEX WOLSZCZAN 2 PLANETS (NOW 3) 1600 LIGHT YEARS FROM THE SUN CONSTELLATION VIRGO

  5. A B C PSR 1257+12 DISTANCE (EARTH = 1) SUN MERCURY VENUS EARTH

  6. A B C PSR 1257+12 DISTANCE (EARTH = 1) SUN MERCURY VENUS EARTH

  7. ... BUT PROMISING CERTAINLY GLORIOUS... ... BUT RATHERUNFRIENDLY THE FIRST EXTRASOLAR SYSTEM: SURPRISING

  8. 1ST PLANET AT A SOLAR-LIKE STAR ANNOUNCED IN OCTOBER 1995 MICHEL MAYOR DIDIER QUELOZ LONG BEFORE THAT STARBIRTH-PROCESSES HAVE BEEN STUDIED, YIELDING CLUES ABOUT PLANET FORMATION STAR 51 PEGASI 40 LIGHT YEARS FROM THE SUN CONSTELLATION PEGASUS

  9. OBSERVING PLANET FORMATION (INDIRECTLY)

  10. 50 000 LIGHT YEARS

  11. 25 000 LIGHT YEARS 1011 STARS

  12. MILKY WAY – STARS ONLY

  13. MILKY WAY – VISIBLE LIGHT

  14. MILKY WAY - INFRARED

  15. CO, 2.64 mm 3-6×109 M 300 l.y. 3×105 M mostly H2 INFRARED CO

  16. ORION NEBULA ORION STAR-FORMING REGION

  17. VISIBLE INFRARED 2.5 l.y.

  18. ORIONNEBULA AGE: A FEW MILLION YEARS 150 objects R = 50 -1000 AU M > 600 M (H2 emission; absorption of visible light emitted by the nebula )

  19. M > 2000 M

  20. Concave Disk

  21. b Pictoris AGE: 108 years dust mass: 0.1 M gas mass: 100 M Infrared 1,2m resolution 0,12’’ 63 l.y. 1.7 M 50 AU

  22. DETAILS OF DISC DISPERSAL UNKNOWN DETAILS OF STAR AND DISC FORMATION UNKNOWN THE DISCS DISPERSE WITHIN ~ 107 YEARS STARS ARE BORN WITH CIRCUMSTELLAR DISCS

  23. RESIDUAL DISCS SEEM TO CONTAIN MORE THAN JUST DUST

  24. A PLANET? WARP b Pictoris

  25. HOLE INNER PLANET(S)? OUTER PLANET? WARP AGE: 108 years dust mass:0.1 M FOMALHAUT 25 l.y. 2.8 M HOLE OUTER PLANET

  26. INDIRECT EVIDENCE: RESIDUAL DISCS CONTAIN PLANETS

  27. DETECTING MATURE PLANETS

  28. JUPITER SHINES WEAKER THAN THE SUN: 1 000 000 000 TIMES(visible light) 50 000 TIMES(infrared) 5 000 TIMES(mm and sub-mm)

  29. JUPITER OBSERVED FROM THE NEAREST STAR 0.1” DISTANT FROM THE SUN „DROWNED” IN SUNSHINE !! PSF, SEEING, ZODIACAL LIGHT, BACKGROUD SKY REMNANT DISK

  30. AND YET WITHIN THE LAST 8 YEARS MORE THAN 110 EXTRASOLAR PLANETS HAVE BEEN FOUND HOW ??

  31. POPULAR VIEW

  32. POPULAR VIEW

  33. REALITY X = CENTER OF MASS SYSTEM VIEWED POLE-ON (RARE)

  34. REALITY SYSTEM VIEWED OBLIQUELY (MORE COMMON)

  35. THE PLANET CANNOT BE SEEN ...BUT MOTIONS OF THE STAR BETRAY ITS PRESENCE !

  36. 450 km 9 cm/s 150 000 000 km 30 km/s X 750 000 km 13 m/s JUPITER X 780 000 000 km 13 km/s EARTH

  37. 2020 1995 2010 1990 2015 2005 2000 0.002” MOTIONS OF THE SUN VIEWED FROM A STAR 30 LIGHT YEARS AWAY 0.002’’ IS THE ANGULAR SIZE OF A MAN ON THE MOON OR A STANDARD NEWSPAPER FONT 300 KM AWAY

  38. STELLAR WOBBLE RECEDING: REDDER APPROACHING: BLUER

  39. 1 Angstrom = 10-8 cm

  40. to the observer i normal to the orbit 100 P m/s 50 K 0 -50 V -100 days 0 1 2 3 PLANET DETECTION DUE TO STELLAR WOBBLE K = Vsin i

  41. MK/(sin iVPL) K= Vsin i PLANET DETECTION DUE TO STELLAR WOBBLE MPLsin i = MK/ VPL

  42. KNOWN: • ORBITAL PERIOD • AMPLITUDE OF VELOCITY VARIATIONS • MASS OF THE STAR * COMPUTED: • MASS OF THE PLANET (LOWER LIMIT) • ORBITAL RADIUS

  43. ANOTHER EFFECT: TRANSIT PLANET IN FRONT OF THE STAR

  44. TRANSIT LIGHT CURVE 1% BRIGHTNESS TIME

  45. FIRST DETECTION OF A PLANET VIA THE TRANSIT PHENOMENON ANNOUNCED IN 2002/2003 ANDRZEJ UDALSKI MACIEJ KONACKI STAR OGLE-TR-56 ~5000 LIGHT YEARS FROM THE SUN CONSTELLATION SAGITTARIUS

  46. KNOWN: • ORBITAL PERIOD • AMPLITUDE OF VELOCITY VARIATIONS • MASS OF THE STAR • LIGHT CURVE • COMPUTED: • MASS OF THE PLANET (LOWER LIMIT) • RADIUS AND SHAPE OF THE ORBIT • COMPUTED: • MASS OF THE PLANET • RADIUS AND SHAPE OF THE ORBIT • RADIUS OF THE PLANET

  47. BASIC STATISTICS OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETS

More Related