New Zealand English

1. New Zealand English Swetlana Braun Marijana Bubic Jana Burdach Linda Rohlfing Rabea Schwarze

2. Content • Origin • Variations • Pronunciation • Vocabulary • Comparison of NZE and Australian English

3. Origin Very simimilar to its giant neighbour Australia NZ Accent… Differences reflect the different histories of settlement and aborigial relations the last habitable landmass in the world to be colonised first English-speaking settlers arrived in 1792 (Australian rather than British) New Zealand Officially founded when British and Maori chieftains signed the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi, the founding document of NZ

4. Origin settleling from Australia and Britain (a.w.a. Ireland and America) enormously increased Treaty of Waitangi (1840) Large-scale organised settlement =>by mid-century the indigenous Maori were outnumbered by the incoming Pakeha Influenced by accents and English varieties, all the settlers brought along NZ English Could be traced back to areas all over Britain and Ireland, probably "pre-mixed" in Australia

5. Origin spoken by a largely agricultural people, first inhabitants of NZ very important source of NZE vocabulary Maori language makes it uniquely different from any other English dialect most of the Maori words coming into NZE were for plants and animals, which where unknown to the settlers The closest dialectal relative of NZE is Australian English NZ English In many ways NZE is decendent from it similar developments because of similar inputs from English, Scottish, and Irish dialects

6. Variations • Pitcairn English • Developed from mutineers settling on Pitcairn in 1790. Some people were removed to Norfolk in 1859. An in-group language used to assist in the preservation of identity. • People speak standard English as first language. • Classification: Cant, English-Tahitian 

7. New Zealand Maori or Te Reo Māori • Formerly fragmented into a number of regional dialects (North Auckland, South Island, Taranaki, Wanganui, Bay of Plenty, Rotorua-Taupo, Moriori), some of which diverged quite radically from what has become the standard dialect. - There are some regional variants of pronunciation and accent, and a small

8. number of lexical differences, but it is basically a single language across the country. • Used officially for legal needs. Until the 20th century spoken throughout NewZealand. 33% of the fluent speakers are over 60 years old, 38% are between 45 and 59 (1995). • All or most of the Maori-speakers use English as second language. • Classification: Eastern-Polynesian, Tahitian

9. South Island: • Pronunciation: - "Southland burr" in which a trilled 'r' appears; rhotic -> pronounce the 'r' in "bird", "work" as the 'r' sound is said at the beginning of a word, and so on, while other New Zealanders do not (non-rhotic= pronounce "r" only if it is followed by a vowel) => Immigration from Scotland

10. Lexis: • wee = small • to do the messages = to go shopping • Many of the region's place names also reflect their Scottish origin: e.g. Invercargill and Dunedin

11. Pronunciation • New Zealand English is close to Australian English in pronunciation • But - shows more affinity to English of Southern England - shows influence of Māori Speech - shows some Scottish and Irish influences • main differences of New Zealand English in comparison to other Englishes are shifted vowel sounds

12. Front vowels and the flattened 'i' • front vowels are pronounced higher in the mouth than in British English • the most noticeable difference is the flat "i", which is lower and further back so that „illusion“ is pronunced in a way sounding like „allusion“ • „allusion, illusion“ • „Pete pit pet pat“

13. The Additional Schwa • Newzealanders will insert the schwa to words such as grown, and mown, resulting in grow-en and mo-wen • but groan and moan are unaffected which means that these word pairs can be distinguished by ear, unlike in British English • „groan, grown“ • „moan, mown“

14. Distinction between /eə/ & /ɪə/ • Words like "chair" and "cheer", (/tʃeə/, /tʃɪə/) are usually pronounced the same way (/tʃɪə/, that is as "cheer" in British, American or Australian English). The same occurs with "share" and "shear" (both pronounced /ʃɪə/), bear and beer, spare and spear. „kea, care, cheer, chair“ „beer, bear“ „spear, spare, shear, share“

15. Lack of distinction between /ɔ/ & /ɐ/ • There is a tendency for some words to be pronounced with /ɔ/ rather than /ɐ/, especially in those cases where the vowel with this particular sound is a stressed "a". • words like "warrior" and "worrier" are harder to differentiate in New Zealand English than in many forms of English.

16. Lack of distinction between ferry and fairy • for many speakers of New Zealand English, the vowel in ferry is raised and becomes indistinguishable from fairy • the vowel length distinction is almost always retained „ferry, fairy“

17. Use of mixed accents • The common New Zealand pronunciation of the trans- prefix rhymes with "ants„. This produces mixed accenting of the a's in words like "transplant" whereas in British English and most dialects apart from Australian English the same accent is placed on both syllables. „example, transplant“

18. Choice!  Chur bro  Jandals  Togs  Heaps  excellent shortened from“cheers brother“, thanks! blend of Japanese Sandal, meaning flip-flop swim suit a lot of Vocabulary-unique to New Zealand-

19. G´day!/ Gidday! (also AusE); Gidday mate! (NZE)  Sweet as  Good Day awesome (as as an intensifier, eg. hot as) Vocabulary-shared with Australia or other countries-

20. Bring a plate  Up the Puhoi (a river in NZ) without a paddle  “How are you feeling?” – “Oh, a box of birds”  To give s.o. hassles  Kiwi  bring a plate of food difficulties without an obvious solution feeling very good, happy to hassle s.o. into doing s.th. or annoying them New Zealander, also used as an adjective Phrases-unique in New Zealand-

21. A lot more on… • … www.chemistry.co.nz/kiwi.htm

22. Sources • www.ualberta.ca/~johnnewm/NZEnglish/ (visited on May 24th, 2006) • www.answers.com/topic/new-zealand-english (May 28th, 2006) • www.vuw.ac.nz/lals/research/nzdc/index.htm(May 28th, 2006) • http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=NZ (May 30th, 2006) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_English (May 30th, 2006)