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Plant Material

Plant Material. Should you use rootstocks? Where to get vines? Is it clean?. Plant Material. Clonal Material Grafting vs. Own-rooted Types of rootstocks Why choose rootstocks? State quarantines Northwest Foundation Service Other sources of grapevines. Securing Plant Material.

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Plant Material

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  1. Plant Material Should you use rootstocks? Where to get vines? Is it clean?

  2. Plant Material • Clonal Material • Grafting vs. Own-rooted • Types of rootstocks • Why choose rootstocks? • State quarantines • Northwest Foundation Service • Other sources of grapevines

  3. Securing Plant Material • Need high quality plant material • Prevent disease spread • Prevent pest spread • Consistent high quality fruit

  4. Clones • What are clones? • Genetically uniform material • Sisters/brothers • Benefits? • Many clonal trials ongoing • May differ for the region being tested

  5. Why use rootstocks? • Fruitfulness • Rootstock may affect scion production • E.g., early bearing in orchard trees • Vigor control • Rootstocks range in vigor from low to high • Choice depends upon soil type • Use for dwarfing, closer spacings?

  6. Why Choose Rootstocks? • Resistance • Phylloxera • Root knot nematode • Fanleaf virus – engineering rootstocks for resistance • Compatibility • Scion/Rootstock

  7. Rootstocks can help! • Soil conditions • pH differences • Mineral deficiencies in scion • Boron, Mg, P, K – MGT 101-14 is a good choice • Boron alone – 3309 C • Advanced maturity?

  8. How Do I Choose? • Factors in choosing the right rootstock: • Soil • High/medium pH concentration • Soil depth • Some areas can be shallow, others deep • Texture • Sandy, silt loam in some areas • Water availability? • Issue in semi-arid areas – drought tolerant

  9. Grafted System • Scion – upper fruiting section • Rootstock – root system used to tolerate certain conditions

  10. Types of Grafting in Grapes • Bud Grafts • T bud (Shield) • Bud from scion set into a cut ‘T’ of rootstock bark • Chip Bud • Bud from scion grafted onto rootstock http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/budding/budding.html

  11. Grafting in Grapes • Bench grafts • Nursery • Omega cuts • Saw-type grafting machines • Stock grafts • Vineyard • Whip grafting • Cleft grafting Northwest Berry & Grape Info Net

  12. Washington State Quarantine • State quarantine • Phylloxera • Grape viruses • Including Leafroll virus • No more Rupestris Stem Pitting (RSP) • Foreign quarantines • Depends upon country • Mainly has to be phylloxera-free

  13. NorthWest Grape Foundation Service • Foundation block at WSU-Prosser • Cooperation between Idaho, Oregon, and Washington • Based upon program at UC-Davis, FPS • We do propagate to eliminate Rhizobium vitis

  14. Shoot Tip Culture

  15. Process • Provide foundation level plant material to nurseries • They propagate ‘certified nursery planting stock’ • Grower gets plant material as a rooted vine • Includes both scions and rootstock material • Nurseries to do the custom grafting

  16. Requesting Plant Material • Website in the works • Have nursery request new plant material if in foundation block • Priority list exists • Grower may order from foundation block • May also request for new introductions • Once a year, or pay to have it included

  17. Where to Buy Clean Grapes? • List of certified nurseries • http://winegrapes.wsu.edu • Other sources? • California nurseries • Oregon nurseries • DO NOT PROPAGATE TO ELIMINATE CROWN GALL

  18. Bringing in Foreign Sources • Can bring in, if it conforms with Federal phytosanitary requirements • How do you get phytosanitary certificates? • FYI, need one for material from Canada • Check out the APHIS website: • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/faq_phphto.html • May still have bacteria causing Crown Gall

  19. Summary • Very important to have CLEAN plant material • Clones are interesting • Rootstock/scion interaction needs more research • Site specific? • Northwest Grape Foundation Service • Only one that cultures out crown gall • Can bring in material from other states, countries, but be sure to follow rules!

  20. Questions? For the latest news in viticulture… Visit WSU Viticulture Extension on the web: http://winegrapes.wsu.edu

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