Topic : Classification Aim : How do we classify things in everyday life?

1. Topic: ClassificationAim: How do we classify things in everyday life? Do Now: Classify the organisms above in as many different ways as possible. (Make a key to keep track of how you classified.)

2. RULES Have each group member remove one sneaker/shoe. Each group should think of as many different ways to classify the sneakers/shoes as possible. Groups should keep track of all the different ways they classified the sneakers/shoes by recording a key. The key should represent how each sneaker/shoe was classified ( see picture ). The group that determines the most ways to classify the sneakers/shoes will receive extra credit!!! Laces Laces Sneaker Shoe Colored White Velcro Black Other Velcro CONTEST: Shoe Classification

3. Topic: ClassificationAim: How are living things classified? Do Now: Answer the questions on the overhead.

4. grouping of things according to similar characteristics The branch of science that deals with classifying is called TAXONOMY What is classification? ARISTOTLE LINNAEUS

5. What is an example of classification? • Autotroph: an organism that can produce its own food (producer) • Heterotroph: an organisms that cannot produce its own food (consumer)

6. What is phylogeny? How does it relate to classification? • Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of an organism or how it has changed over time. • Phylogeny is the basis for the classification of organisms.

7. What are the seven levels of classification? • King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup. • Kingdom: the largest category of classification • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species: smallest and most similar level of classification; organisms within the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring

8. How are organisms named? • Two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • First word represents the genus • Second word represents the species • Genus species • Example: Felis domesticus (house cat) Genus species

9. Kingdom------------------------------------Animalia Phylum---------------------------------Chordata Order------------------------Cetacea Family-------------Delphinidae Genus-------------Tursiops Species---Tursiops truncatus Class-----------------------------Mammalia Classification of the bottle-nosed dolphin.

10. Topic: ClassificationAim: What are the five kingdoms of classification? Do Now: From smallest to largest, rank the seven levels of classification.

11. In how many kingdoms are organisms classified? • Based on similar characteristics, organisms are classified into FIVE kingdoms • Monera (bacteria) • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

12. What are characteristics of monerans? • No nucleus • Unicellular • Autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition • Example: bacteria

13. Archaebacteria Eubacteria What are two different types of monerans? • Archaebacteria: primitive bacteria that live in extreme conditions; autotrophs • Eubacteria: True bacteria; more evolved than archaebacteria; heterotrophs

14. DO NOW: Topic: ClassificationAim: What are the five kingdoms of classification? Take out your HW quietly!!! DETERMINE THE KINGDOM OF THE ORGANISM DESCRIBED BELLOW: While observing an organism under a microscope in science class, you notice that it is unicellular and has a nucleus. After looking through your textbook, you realize this organism does not belong to the red algae phylum. Later, during your home and career class, Ms. Chowdhury used yeast to make a loaf of bread rise. After careful observation, you realized that the bread yeast was the same organism as the one you saw under the microscope.

15. What are characteristics of protists? • Nucleus • Unicellular • Autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition • Examples: amoeba, paramecia

16. What are characteristics of amoeba? NUTRITION: • Heterotrophs • Phagocytosis – the process where an amoeba uses psuedopods to surround and engulf food MOVEMENT: • Psuedopods – “arms” or extentions of cytoplasm that extend and enable the amoeba to move and get food • Cyclosis – movement of cytoplasm

17. AMOEBA PSEUDOPODS PHAGOCYTOSIS

18. What are characteristics of paramecia? NUTRITION: • Oral groove – is the mouth where food enters • Anal pore – opening in the cell membrane used to expel wastes • Contractile vacuole – maintains water balance MOVEMENT: • Cilia – tiny hair-like structures used for movement

19. PARAMECIUM

20. What are characteristics of fungi? • Multicellular • Heterotrophic nutrition • Examples: mushrooms, bread mold, yeast

21. What are characteristics of plants? • Multicellular • Autotrophic nutrition • Examples: trees, grass, and flowers

22. What are characteristics of animals? • Multicellular • Heterotrophic nutrition • Examples: humans, insects, and jellyfish

23. Summary: Place an X in a box that represents the kingdoms on the right. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

24. Topic: ClassificationAim: What is a dichotomous key? How can they be used to find information? Do Now: Take out last night’s HW quietly. What are the five kingdoms? What is the major difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria?

25. Dichotomous Key: Last Night’s HW MONERA PROTISTA

26. Dichotomous Key: Last Night’s HW PLANTAE PLANTAE ANIMALIA

27. What is a dichotomous key? • Sometimes called a taxonomic key • A detailed list of identifying characteristics • Arranged in steps with two descriptive statements at each step • Read both statements, choose the one that applies, follow the instructions that follow

28. Suppose you have four insects a ladybug, a housefly, a dragonfly and a grasshopper. After studying the insects, you might use wing covering, body shape, and where the wings point towards. To begin the key, you could start separating the four insects based on wing covering - "wings covered by exoskeleton" vs. "wings not covered by exoskeleton."

29. The first step in the key will be organized the following way: • 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton • 1. b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton • Next, the statements need to lead the observer to the next step to narrow the identification further: • 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton…go to step 2 • 1. b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton …go to step 3

30. Step 2 needs to consist of a pair of statements that will allow for the identification of the ladybug and the grasshopper: • 2. a. body has a round shape ….ladybug • 2. b. body has an elongated shape ...grasshopper • Step 3 needs to consist of a pair of statements that will allow for the identification of the housefly and dragonfly: • 3. a. wings point out from the side of the body……….dragonfly • 3. b. wings point to the rear of the body ……….housefly

31. Notice that there were four organisms to be identified and it only took three steps. There should be one less step than the total number of organisms to be identified in your dichotomous key. KEY: • 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton…go to step 2 • 1. b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton …go to step 3 • 2. a. body has a round shape ….ladybug • 2. b. body has an elongated shape ….grasshopper • 3. a. wings point out from the side of the body….dragonfly • 3. b. wings point to the rear of the body …….housefly