Entertainment of the late 1800s & early 1900s

1. Entertainment of the late 1800s & early 1900s By: Kelly Binning and Sabrina Orth

2. Live Performances • Vaudeville • Included: Song/Dance, Comedy, and a chorus line of female performers. • Barnum & Bailey Circus • Yearly circus that came by train.

3. Vaudeville • Became more popular after “Sergeant's Great Vaudeville Company” was formed in 1871 • Benjamin Franklin Keith was the “father” of American Vaudeville • Developed the idea of a “Continuous Vaudeville” • Many acts that performed for 12 hours straight! • Was originally for the enjoyment of the middle-class • http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA02/easton/vaudeville/vaudevillemain.html

4. Barnum and Bailey Circus • Phineas Taylor Barnum began life as a showman when he developed “Barnum’s American Museum” • Included: “General Tom Thumb”, the Fiji Mermaid, Chang and Eng Bunker (Siamese Twins), and Anna Swan (the Giantess.) • Eventually, this formed into the “Barnum and Bailey Circus.” • His closest friend at the time was James Bailey, whom he went into business with. • Bailey took over after P.T. Barnum died. • After Bailey died, the Ringling Brothers took it over. • http://www.jugglenow.com/circus-history.html

5. Music and Dance • Scott Joplin • Pianist • Ragtime Music • Became very popular during this time period • The Cakewalk • Accompanied Ragtime and Dixieland music

6. Scott Joplin • When he was young, he had his first access to a piano at the house where his mother worked • He was discovered by Julius Weiss who taught him further • His first two publications were “Please Say You Will” and “A Picture of Her Face” • In 1899, he developed his most famous rag, “Maple Leaf Rag” • He was also skilled in playing the violin and cornet • He died April 1st, 1917 due to tertiary syphilis http://www.scottjoplin.org/biography.htm

7. 4 main types: “Classic” instrumental rag March-tempo piece for a piano or band Ragtime Songs Weren’t particularly “ragged” compared to most Syncopated Waltzes Played in a ¾ time signature “Ragging” an existing piece Taking a well-known melody and “jazzing” it up with syncopation Scott Joplin’s “Maple Leaf Rag” set off a ragtime craze Ragtime music and composers had a great impact on American Jazz that came later on Influenced jazz musician, “Jelly Roll” Morton Influenced the development of Dixieland music Eventually, Ragtime died out until the 1940s A group of people began a Ragtime Revival which didn’t catch on until the 1970s Ragtime Music • http://cnx.org/content/m10878/latest/

8. The Cakewalk • The first (and probably most popular) dance that included African, European, and American traditions • Originated as a dance competition between slaves on plantations • Some moves can be related to the Irish Jig • It influenced later dances: • The Charleston • The Lindy Hop • A group dance called the “Big Apple” • http://www.swingvirginia.com/reading/LindyHopOrigins-Thomas.html

9. Early Stars • Sarah Burnhardt • Actress • Lillie Langtry • Actress • Jenny Lind • Singer • Charlie Chaplin • Actor • George L. Fox • Comedian

10. Sarah Burnhardt • French actress born October 22, 1845 • At the age of 13, she entered the Conservatoire • She won prizes for acting in a tragedy and comedy • Her first successes • Cordelia in the French version of “King Lear” • The queen in Victor Hugo’s “Ruy Blas” • Zanetto in François Coppée's “Le Passant” • In 1880-1881 she toured: • Denmark • Russia • America • By 1896, she’d played 112 parts (38 that she’d created herself) • In 1899, she played the part of Hamlet in the French version of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” with much success • http://www.theatrehistory.com/french/bernhardt001.html

11. Lillie Langtry • British Actress born October 13, 1853 • Before her acting career, she was well known for her beauty She appeared in London’s Haymarket and Lyceum theatres • Her American debut was in the Park Theater, New York • When she returned to England she was in: • The ‘Degenerates’ • ‘Belladonna’ • ‘As you Like it’ • ‘Anthony and Cleopatra’ • Her autobiography was published in 1925 • “The Days I Knew” • http://www.hurstmereclose.freeserve.co.uk/html/lillie_langtry.html

12. Jenny Lind • 1821 • Born in Stockholm, Sweden • Age 10 • She sang on the Stockholm stage • At age 23 • She sang at festivals in Queen Victoria’s honor • In 1847 • First real concert • P.T. Barnum realized her talent and advertised her shows • Tickets sold easily in New York • She traveled to Paris where she studied with Spanish vocal director, Manuel Garcia • She died in 1887 • http://www.essortment.com/all/jennylind_rtiv.htm

13. Charlie Chaplin • Born April 16th, 1889 in Walworth, England • First stage appearance • Age 5, singing a song in the place of his sick mother • Age 8 • Toured with the musical, “The Eight Lancaster Lads” • Ages 17-24 • In Fred Karno’s English Vaudeville troupe • Toured in New York • First movie • “Making a Living” (1914) • After 1915, he wrote, directed, produced, scored, and starred in all his movies • Won an Academy Award for “The Circus” (1928) • Won an Oscar in 1929 • 1975 • Knighted by the Queen of England http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000122/bio

14. George L. Fox • Known as the “American Grimaldi” • (Grimaldi helped develop the character of the Clown) • He introduced Grimaldi’s style of “violent slapstick and topical satire” to America • He gave over 1,000 performances on Broadway • In 1867, he created his “Humpty Dumpty” production • Ironically, he died of poisoning from the lead-based white clown makeup he wore • http://www.clown-ministry.com/index_1.php/articles/george_fox_the_american_grimaldi_famous_white_face_clown/

15. The Silver Screen • Made with • Silk or a synthetic fiber • Tightly woven together and embedded with silver • Used with low-power projectors • Downfalls • Poor light distributors • Very narrow viewing angles • Hot-spotting (One part of the projection “over saturates” the center, leaving the edges of the picture dark) http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/silver-screen/

16. The First Movie • The Great Train Robbery • Created in 1903 • Directed by: Edwin S. Porter • Written by: Scott Marble • Runtime: 11 minutes • Summary: “The clerk at the train station is assaulted and left tied by four men, then they rob the train threatening the operator. (They) take all the money and shoot a passenger when trying to run away. A little girl discovers the clerk tied and gives notice to the sheriff, who at once goes along with his men hunting the bandits.” –Michel Rudoy • Starring: Justus D. Barnes and Gilbert M. Anderson http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0000439/

17. Sports • Baseball • Ice Hockey • Founded • Equestrian Sports

18. Baseball • 1845 • Alexander Cartwright published a set of baseball rules. They were widely accepted • 1869 • Cincinnati Red Stockings were the first salaried team • 1871 • National Association of Professional Baseball Players formed • 1876 • First major league (National League) formed • 1884 • Moses Fleetwood Walker was the first African American major leaguer http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1860s.html

19. Ice Hockey • First played • Windsor, Nova Scotia, Kingston, Ontario, Montreal, or Quebec • 1877 • First set of rules published in the Montreal Gazette • 1888 • The Amateur Hockey Association of Canada formed • 1894 • First official hockey rink is opened in Baltimore, MA • 1895 • First international series matches played by US colleges • 1900 • Goal net is first used • 1904 • International Hockey League formed http://proicehockey.about.com/od/history/a/history_timelin.htm

20. Equestrian Sports • 1820s • Montreal Foxhunt established • 1840 • First steeplechase race held in Montreal • 1900 • First modern Olympic events held in Paris • Show jumping, Long jump, High jump • 1912 • Dressage and 3-day eventing introduced in Stockholm http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002633

21. The End

22. References • http://www.swingvirginia.com/reading/LindyHopOrigins-Thomas.html • http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA02/easton/vaudeville/vaudevillemain.html • http://www.jugglenow.com/circus-history.html • http://www.scottjoplin.org/biography.htm • http://cnx.org/content/m10878/latest/ • http://www.clown-ministry.com/index_1.php/articles/george_fox_the_american_grimaldi_famous_white_face_clown/ • http://www.theatrehistory.com/french/bernhardt001.html • http://www.hurstmereclose.freeserve.co.uk/html/lillie_langtry.html • http://www.essortment.com/all/jennylind_rtiv.htm • http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000122/bio • http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/silver-screen/ • http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0000439/ • http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1860s.html • http://proicehockey.about.com/od/history/a/history_timelin.htm • http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002633