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Biotech Time Line

Biotech Time Line. A selection of highlights. Biotech Time Line. Humans domesticate crops and livestock 4000 BC. Biotech Time Line. 1660s Antoine van Leewenhoek discovers the microscope. Allows us to see the microscopic world, including bacteria. Biotech Time Line. 1797

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Biotech Time Line

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  1. Biotech Time Line A selection of highlights

  2. Biotech Time Line • Humans domesticate crops and livestock • 4000 BC

  3. Biotech Time Line • 1660s • Antoine van Leewenhoek discovers the microscope. • Allows us to see the microscopic world, including bacteria.

  4. Biotech Time Line • 1797 • Edward Jenner innoculates a child with viral vaccine against small pox.

  5. Biotech Time Line • 1857 • Louis Pasteur proposes microbes cause fermentation.

  6. Biotech Time Line • 1865 • An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel begins his study of genetics while cross-breeding pea plants • Father of Genetics

  7. Biotech Time Line • 1869 • Johann Friedrich Miescher isolated and analyzed DNA as a macromolecule for the first time.

  8. Biotech Time Line • 1917 • Karl Erecky first uses the term biotechnology in a book he publishes in Germany where he discusses converting raw materials into more use products.

  9. Biotech Time Line • 1943 • Penicillin is mass-produced by Andrew Moyer just in time to help thousands of injured soldiers • Sir Alexander Fleming is credited with its discovery in 1928.

  10. Biotech Time Line • 1944 • Oswald Avery, along with MacLeod and McCarty, proves that genes and chromosomes are made of DNA

  11. Biotech Time Line • 1953 • Watson and Crick publish the structure of DNA in the journal Nature. • They received the Nobel Prize in Medicine along with Wilkins and Franklin

  12. Biotech Time Line • 1966 • Marshall Nirenburg, along with Khorana and Holley, demonstrated the sequences of three bases (codons) on DNA determine each of the 20 amino acids • Nobel prize

  13. Biotech Time Line • 1970 • Restriction enzymes that cut genetic material and paste them together was discovered.

  14. Biotech Time Line • 1973 • Cohen and Boyer create the first recombinant DNA technology that allows scientists to splice DNA from one organism into another

  15. Biotech Time Line • 1975 • Kohler and Milstein produce monoclonal antibodies by fusing the specific antibody-producing plasma cells with a tumor cell • Made way for a very effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool

  16. Biotech Time Line • 1978 • California company, Genetech, is first company to produce a recombinant drug (insulin)

  17. Biotech Time Line • 1980 • Diamond vs Chakrabarty Supreme Court Case ruled that genetically altered life can be patented by the one who altered it.

  18. Biotech Time Line • 1983 • Kary Mullis creates the Polymerase Chain Reaction as a tool for amplifying, or copying, DNA in vitro.

  19. Biotech Time Line • 1984 • Sir Alec Jeffreys develops the tool of DNA typing, also known as DNA fingerprinting • Major tool used in forensics

  20. Biotech Time Line • 1986 • First recombinant vaccine for humans was produced for hepatitis

  21. Biotech Time Line • 1997 • Ian Wilmut successfully cloned the first mammal, a sheep named Dolly

  22. Biotech Time Line • 1998 • First human embryonic stem cell lines were produced

  23. Biotech Time Line • 2003 • Human Genome Project was completed. • Started in 1990 with the task of sequencing every gene in the human cell. • Found the sequence of over 24,000 genes.

  24. Biotech Time Line • 2007 • Dr. Anthony Atala of WFIRM announces the discovery of stem cells found in amniotic fluid

  25. Biotech Time Line • 2008 • Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine is formed to research regenerative medicine technology that can be used to treat injured soldiers

  26. Biotech Time Line • 2010 • First synthetic cell is created by the labs of Craig Ventor, a major player in the Human Genome Project

  27. Types of Companies • Research and Development • Full Service: single product line • Full Service: diversified product lines • Contract Manufacturers

  28. Organizational Structure

  29. Chief Executives • CEO: Chief Executive Officer • COO: Chief Operations Officer • CIO: Chief Information Officer • CFO: Chief Financial Officer • VP Research and Development • VP Medical or Medical Affairs • VP Sales and Marketing

  30. Careers in Biotech

  31. Research scientist • Design and carryout experiments • Associates -PhD • Internships and fellowships • $35-85

  32. Quality Control • Monitors quality of product and services • BA or MS • Trained as an engineer or scientist and move in to QC role after yrs of experience • $71K

  33. Quality Assurance • Monitors the process for quality • BA or MS • Trained in Business, Engineering, Statistics and then moves into QA role after yrs of exp. • $89K

  34. Bio-processing Engineer • Monitor and develops the process of drug manufacturing in a develop system • BS • College courses and on the job • $70K

  35. Bio-Statistician • Design research projects and analyze data • MS or PhD • Statistics, biostatistics or applied math • $70K

  36. Metrology • Develops processes and systems to measure objects • HS or above • Math, science, and technology • $59 K

  37. Regulatory Affairs • Assure proper legal paperwork has been completed for FDA • BS, MS, PhD, Law degree • On the job • Complete certification • $40-100k

  38. Clinical Affairs • Designing and monitoring clinical trials with human patients • BS, MS, RN, PhD, MD, Law degree • On the job • $70 - $150K

  39. Biomedical Engineer • Designs machines and equipment of patient care • BS or MS • On the job • $75K

  40. Intellectual Property Officer • Maintain information and documentation on discoveries made by a company • MS or PhD • Trained in other science and move into position • $75K

  41. Maintenance & Instrumentation Technician • Testing, maintaining, and troubleshooting equipment • AAS • Electronics, technology • $47K

  42. Patent Lawyer • Represents company for filing patents for ownership of products and ideas • Law degree • Fellowship • $115K

  43. Sales and Marketing • Advertise and market products • BS and MS • Management, sells, marketing • $78K

  44. Forensic Psychiatrist • Focuses on how mental health affects legal issues • 4 yrs college+ 4 yrs med school + 4 yrs residency • 1 yr of fellowship and board certification • $140-180K

  45. Forensic Pathologist • Performs autopsies and determines the cause, mechanism and manner of death • 4 yrs college+ 4 yrs med school + 4 yrs residency • 1 yr of fellowship and board certification • Mastery of several disciplines • $75-200K

  46. STEM Careers Pay

  47. It Pays to Stay in School

  48. Biotech Time Line • 2011 • A Federal Court of Appeals upheld the rights of science companies to hold patents on genes that they have sequenced

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