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SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING IN MEXICO’S MARGINED AREAS

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING IN MEXICO’S MARGINED AREAS. RUTH DIAZ GURRIA . ABOUT MEXICO. RUTH DIAZ GURRIA . ABOUT MEXICO. North America between the United States of America and Guatemala.

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SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING IN MEXICO’S MARGINED AREAS

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  1. SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS AND STRATEGIESFOR HOUSING IN MEXICO’S MARGINED AREAS RUTH DIAZ GURRIA

  2. ABOUT MEXICO RUTH DIAZ GURRIA

  3. ABOUT MEXICO • North America between the United States of America and Guatemala. • Privileged geographical location with easy access to both Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. • 2 million square kilometers. • Varied types of ecosystems, climates and natural resources.

  4. ABOUT MEXICO • 23% rural areas: less than 2500 habitants • 77% (urban areas) • 53 million (Poverty) • 11.7 million (Extreme Poverty) • 57% (Poverty Levels) 112 million inhabitants 28 million households SOCIAL INEQUALITY

  5. ABOUT MEXICO

  6. ABOUT MEXICO • Each year housing deficit in Mexico is 6 50,000 houses • The National Housing Fund Institute for Workers in Mexicomust finance 50% of the housing existing deficit. • In the last 6 years the institute has managed to finance an average of 340,000 new loans per year. • The actual federal housing financial plan for 2012-2016 proposes granting 300,000 loans year. • It gives Mexicans the opportunity of saving money towards a down payment to acquire a house and to obtain a low interest rate, long-term loan. • The employers are encouraged to make a donation to their workers savings

  7. REVIEW. ABOUT BRAZIL & MEXICO RUTH DIAZ GURRIA

  8. REVIEW. ABOUT BRAZIL & MEXICO Mexico & Brazil represent 2/3 of the Latin American economy and have similar social and economic characteristics Percentage of housing deficit out of the Total dwellings within Latin American countries 17.3% - 11.4 % 194 million habitants 8.5 million square kilometer

  9. REVIEW. ABOUT BRAZIL & MEXICO Brazil: Sustainable approaches in urban levels Curitiba, Brazil “Greenest City” in Latin America

  10. REVIEW. ABOUT BRAZIL & MEXICO Encourages the effort of institutions in the fight against poverty. 28 thousand low-income Mexican and Brazilian families will have the opportunity to afford a sustainable house. • 2 million houses (11-14) • Mortgage loans up to 30 years Transform the life of citizens that live in favelas (12 million) by Installing high eco sustainable technology Increase awareness of sustainable solutions for social housing programs in developing countries(Brazil).

  11. METODOLOGY RUTH DIAZ GURRIA

  12. METODOLOGY • Research of the existing housing situation in Mexico. • Research of Existing sustainable housing solutions and strategies in Mexico. • Analysis of the governmental and private Institutions sustainable housing Programs in Mexico for margined areas. • Selection and description of awarded or recognized sustainable housing programs in Mexico for margined areas.

  13. DATA RESEARCH • Government Sustainable Housing Programs • Private Institutions Sustainable Housing Programs RUTH DIAZ GURRIA

  14. DATA - Government Sustainable Housing Programs GREEN MORTGAGE By UNAM - INFONAVIT loan Provides eco technologies 48% of the monthly consumption of electricity, gas and water THIS IS YOUR HOUSE Loans for families that can’t fulfill the "Green mortgage” requirements PDZP Assists low and extremely low margined areas in order to improve their basic and social infrastructure. Solar heaters, energy-saving lamps, high efficiency air conditioners 1 MILLON loans on the last 5 years 10 MILLION of eco technologies 95 MILLION cubic meter of water UN/World Habitat Awards That get paid less than two minimum wages, less than 120 pesos per day (1 MXN = .58 HKD) Financed more than 100,000 green houses More than 2 million concrete floors

  15. DATA - Private Institutions Sustainable Housing Programs ITESM 10X10 ROSENDA HOUSE ITESM 10X10 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF MONTERREY 10 houses x10 families Every school term Students + Professors Training forSelf Construction “Center of Education for Self Construction” Designed by ITESM students 60 square meters Recycled materials Wood from the site Walls made out of refrigerator doors Water Harvesting and Water Recycling

  16. DATA - Private Institutions Sustainable Housing Programs ECHALE A TU CASA CALAKMUL, CAMPECHE BY “ECHALE A TU CASA" 1. Technical training 2. Financial support 3. Social mortgage 4. Financial education Invested 25 million dollars to provide financing programs 26 Thousand homes 50 Thousand home improvements Promotes community integration Self Construction Assisted 2,600 low‐income families Ado Block – Ado Press Soil, water and concrete Generated more than 500 jobs

  17. Discussion + Conclusion • It is not a task for a few. • Experts and Institutions are a key element for developing different sustainable strategies in Mexico; they can improve the existing strategies and propose new ones. • There are serious efforts from private and public institutions. • The solutions and strategies are not enough for the Mexican growing population. • Either Public or Private Institutions in Mexico offer any kind of programs for medium or high-income social groups. • The government should act as a promoter. (Conditioning construction permits , offering tax reduction etc.) • None of the programs present a plan that can help families to pay for their loans. • Self-construction is an excellent option to get the community involved in urban plans and sustainable construction. • Higher income and middle class families should demonstrate greater responsibility towards their community as their carbon print is greater.

  18. References ECO ESFERA. (2012). Eco Esfera . 11 11 2012 , http://www.ecoosfera.com/2010/08/nomada-vivienda-rural-sustentable/ El Universal . (01 10 2012). ECONOMIST. (26 08 2004). 29 de 11 de 2012, de http://www.economist.com/node/3131672 El Economista . (16 09 2012). Notimex . El siglo de Torreon. (s.f.). Terminará Infonavit déficit de vivienda en cinco años. El Siglo de Torreon . El Excelsior . (03 03 2012). EL EXELSIOR . Fournier. (s.f.). Nuevas tecnologías hacia el hábitat sostenible en los asentamientos populares. En J. González y M. Villar, (Eds.), II Seminario y taller iberoamericano sobre Vivienda rural y calidad de vida en los asentamientos rurales. I , 274-292. Mexico San Luis Potosi: Universidad Autonoma . Fondo para la Comunicacion y EducacionAmbientel AC . (10 09 2010 ). http://www.agua.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17084:urgen-programas-de-captacion-de-agua-en-mexico-&catid=61&Itemid=100010 INEGI . (s.f.). www.inegi.org.mxMexico INFONAVIT. Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores , Hipoteca Verde . INNEA . (s.f.). http://anea.org.mx/docs/EdAmbSustentabilidadMexico.pdf H., E. L. (16 11 2012). Aumentan los pobres: son 3 millones más que en 2008. Cronica. Hispanoteca. (2012). Estados Unidos Mexicanos. http://hispanoteca.eu/ Luna, C. (2012). Politicas de Vivienda. (E. Sonido, Ed.) Nacional. (2012). Superará Infonavit déficit de vivienda en cinco años. 15 11 2012, de http://infomedia.mx/noticia.php?i=5513 HabitatforHumanity . (s.f.). Obtenido de HabitatforHumanity : http://www.habitat.org/where-we-build/mexico Noe, S. C. (10 01 2012 ). Asciende a 650 mil el deficif de viviendas. El universal .

  19. References Notimex. (12 04 2012). CNN EXPANSION. 26 11 2012, www.cnnexpansion.com/economia/2012/03/12/curitiba-la-mas-sustentable-de-al NOTIMEX. (03 03 2011). Reporta CANADEVI deficit 8 millones de viviendas NOTIMEX. (12 09 2012 ). Premian a Infonavit por Hipoteca Verde . El economista . Mayoral, I. J. (03 2012). Empresas de EU ven a México en el Top 7. CNN EXPANSION . Morales, F. (06 de 01 de 2012). MILENIO . Obtenido de http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/impreso/9095651 OXFORD BUSSINES GROUP . (s.f.). (O. B. GROUP, Productor) http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/economic_updates/méxico-solucionando-el-déficit-de-vivienda OneWorld. (2012). 08 11 2012, http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/brazil.htm PNUD . (s.f.). Empresas de México y Brasil impulsan viviendas sostenibles y oportunidades de empleo. (U. N. Development, Ed.) SEDESOL. (2012). Secretaria de Desarollo Social . Programa Para el Desarollo de Zonas Prioritarias . Mexico D.F. , Mexico . SENAVITAT. (s.f.). Plan Estretegico Para la Construccion de Vivienda Social. Recuperado el 05 11 2012, de SENAVITAT: http://www.senavitat.gov.py/ Ruiz, Garza, & Unikel . El desarrollo urbano de México: diagnóstico e implicaciones futuras. México: Centro de Estudios Económicos y Demográficos de México.Mexico , 1976. Robles, P. G. (s.f.). El Universal . Rosas, T. (26 06 2012). Calderon Recibe Record Guiness por Cambio de Focos . El Economista . Tavener, B. (13 01 2012). Rio Times. 11 11 2012, http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/green-building-in-rios-favelas/# Tamayo, C. (11 01 2012). Tiene Sinaloa déficit de 30 mil viviendas. El Noroeste .

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