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Smerovanie v TCP/IP sieťach

Smerovanie v TCP/IP sieťach. Meno počítača, workgroup, domian. Win. domain nie je DNS názov!! Úplne iná služba!. IP adresy – 32 bitov. 147 . 232 . 5 . 162. IP adresy – 32 bitov. IP adresy – pride ľ ovanie.

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Smerovanie v TCP/IP sieťach

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  1. Smerovanie v TCP/IPsieťach

  2. Meno počítača, workgroup, domian Win. domain nie je DNS názov!! Úplne iná služba!

  3. IP adresy – 32 bitov 147 . 232 . 5 . 162

  4. IP adresy – 32 bitov

  5. IP adresy – prideľovanie Také zde samozřejmě platí zásada jednoznačnosti adres, takže všechny nově připojované sítě musí mít dosud nepoužité adresy. V Internetu proto existuje centrální autorita (konkrétně: DDN Network Information Center, SRI International, 333 Rawenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025), která se stará o hospodaření s IP adresami, a přiděluje je všem potenciálním zájemcům (přesněji: přiděluje tu část IP adres, která představuje adresu sítě, zatímco zbývající část IP adres si volí žadatel. V našich zeměpisných šířkách však není nutné se pro přidělení IP adresy obracet až do USA. DDN NIC, která adresy spravuje, totiž delegovala svou pravomoc v přidělování IP adres pro oblast ČSFR výpočetnímu centru pražské VŠCHT (Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6).

  6. Nastavenie IP a Subnet mask

  7. Default Gateway obrazne

  8. Subnet Mask • Vlastná IP: 147.232.5.162 • Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 • Moja podsieť: 147.232.5.0 - 255 • Ak subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 • Moja podsieť: 147.232.0 - 255.0 - 255 • Rozhodovanie či sa nachádza cieľová IP v mojej podsieti: cieľ_IP and SubnetMask = my_IP and SubnetMask

  9. Smerovacia tabuľka počítača C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>route print • ======================================================================== • Interface List • 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface0x2 ...00 0f ea ec b3 b4 ...... Marvell Yukon Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000Base-T Adapter, Copper RJ-45 - Packet Scheduler Miniport================================================================= • ======================================================================== • Active Routes: • Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric • 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 147.232.5.1 147.232.5.162 20 • 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 • 147.232.5.0 255.255.255.0 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 20 • 147.232.5.162 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20 • 147.232.255.255 255.255.255.255 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 20 • 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 20 • 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 147.232.5.162 147.232.5.162 1 • Default Gateway: 147.232.5.1 • ========================================================================

  10. Metrika – priorita pre interface • The following table lists the link speeds and metrics for computers that run Windows XP Service Pack 2. Link Speed Metric Greater than 200 Mb 10 Greater than 80 Mb, and less than or equal to 200 Mb 20 Greater than 20 Mb, and less than or equal to 80 Mb 25 Greater than 4 Mb, and less than or equal to 20 Mb 30 Greater than 500 Kb, and less than or equal to 4 Mb 40 Less than or equal to 500 Kb 50 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;299540

  11. ARP • Address Resolution Protokol • stará sa o smerovanie paketov v rámci podsiete • využíva MAC adresy sieťových rozhraní (Media Access Control) C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>arp -a Interface: 147.232.5.162 --- 0x2 Internet Address Physical Address Type 147.232.5.1 00-0d-bc-5a-f3-00 dynamic 147.232.5.9 00-0e-0c-3d-c3-27 dynamic 147.232.5.12 00-04-e2-33-48-92 dynamic 147.232.5.13 00-0d-61-4b-8e-f4 dynamic 147.232.5.224 00-e0-4c-00-ef-ec dynamic

  12. ARP

  13. PING • Zistenie stavu prenosovej cesty k cieľovému uzlu C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 147.232.5.13 Testovanie dostupnosti 147.232.5.13 s 32 bajtov údajov: Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=13 ms TTL=57 Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=9 ms TTL=57 Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=8 ms TTL=57 Odpoveď od 147.232.5.13: bajty=32 čas=12 ms TTL=57 Štatistika testovania dostupnosti pre 147.232.5.13: Pakety: odoslané = 4, prijaté = 4, stratené = 0 (strata 0 ), Približné časy výmeny údajov v milisekundách: minimum = 8ms, maximum = 13ms, priemer = 10ms.

  14. Trace Route – sledovanie paketu C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert www.tuke.sk • Tracing route to www.sme.sk [217.67.20.187] • over a maximum of 30 hops: • 1 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms swr-uvt.tuke.sk [147.232.5.1] • 2 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 147.232.200.1 • 3 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms fw2.tuke.sk [147.232.249.3] • 4 3 ms 2 ms 2 ms TU-Kosice.sanet2.sk [147.232.14.41] • 5 9 ms 8 ms 8 ms CVT-Bratislava.sanet2.sk [194.160.8.150] • 6 9 ms 9 ms 9 ms DialTelecom-gw.six.sk [192.108.148.150] • 7 9 ms 11 ms 9 ms octarine.dialtelecom.sk [217.67.17.2] • 8 15 ms 12 ms 10 ms petitpress-gw.dialtelecom.sk [217.67.17.202] • 9 16 ms 14 ms 13 ms fwaccell.petitpress.sk [217.67.20.187] • Trace complete.

  15. DHCPDynamic Host Configuration Protocol

  16. DHCPDynamic Host Configuration Protocol

  17. DHCP - exclude

  18. DHCP - reserved

  19. DNS – Domain Name Server

  20. DNS – Domain Name System voice.kemt.fei.tuke.sk

  21. DNS – ako funguje

  22. WINS

  23. WINS • Short for Windows Internet Naming Service, a system that determines the IP address associated with a particular network computer. This is called name resolution. WINS supports network client and server computers running Windows and can provide name resolution for other computers with special arrangements. Determining the IP address for a computer is a complex process when DHCP servers assign IP addresses dynamically. For example, it is possible for DHCP to assign a different IP address to a client each time the machine logs on to the network. WINS uses a distributed database that is automatically updated with the names of computers currently available and the IP address assigned to each one. • DNS is an alternative system for name resolution suitable for network computers with fixed IP addresses.

  24. Hosts a iné • c:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts lmhosts.samnetworksprotocolservices # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host 127.0.0.1 localhost

  25. Proxy server • Zrýchlenie prístupu v pomalých sieťach • uchováva prezreté stránky • umožňuje filtrovať obsah stránok • Cache server, nútené proxy na všetky porty alebo iba na http

  26. Proxy server – nastavenie v IE

  27. Connection sharing 2000 XP • DHCP server (192.168.0.x) • NAT server • Gateway (192.168.0.1)

  28. Firewall

  29. Firewall aplikácie

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