Understanding Plant Reproduction: From Seeds to Flowers

1. Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction

2. Plants come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. • ALL REPRODUCE • ____________ or ____________

3. Plant Organs • Flowering plants make up the largest group of plants on Earth. • Has 4 main organs: • 1) Roots • 2) Stems • 3) Leaves • 4) Flowers

4. 1) Roots – hold (anchor) plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients. • 2) Stems – support part of plant that is above ground, water and nutrients move through stem to various parts of plant. • 3) Leaves – take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, capture energy. • 4) Flower – contains the reproductive parts

5. Check List • 1) What are two modes of reproduction that plants use? • 2) Which one requires fertilization? • 3) Female reproductive organs produce __________, while male reproductive organs produce __________. • 4) Which reproduction creates genetically identical offspring? • 5) List the 4 main organs of a plant. • 6) In 3 sentences tell me which organ you feel like is the most important out of the 4 organs of a plant and back up with facts.

6. Section 2 – Seedless Reproduction • Nonvascular Seedless – produced by spores and are nonvascular • Ex: moss • Vascular Seedless – produced by spores but are vascular • Ex: Ferns

7. Review • Nonvascular: • Non-complex • Small • Seedless • Vascular: • Complex • Larger • Seeds (usually) • Vascular Tissue

8. Section 3 – Seed Reproduction • Recall, that flowering plants made up the largest group of plants on Earth. • Flowering plants reproduce by making seeds. • Seeds will eventually grow into a new plant.

9. Seeds are formed through a process called – sexual reproduction • Some flowers have male reproductive parts. • Some flowers have female reproductive parts. • There are also, other flowers have both male and female parts.

10. Male Reproductive Parts • Stamens – the male reproductive pare of a flower. • Pollen – is a powder that contains male reproductive cells that is produced by stamen.

11. Female Reproductive Parts • Pistil – contains the female reproductive parts of a flower. • Ovary – part of the flower in which seeds develop, located at the bottom of the pistil in a hollow structure.

12. Pollination • Pollination – when pollen is transferred from the stamens by wind and animals to the top of the pistil. • Pollinators – animals that transfer pollen • Ex: bees, butterflies, insects, & hummingbirds

13. Steps of Pollination • 1) Pollinator visits a flower • 2) pollen rubs off the male part of flower onto the animal’s body • 3) pollen falls off onto the female part of that flower or another flower. • 4)once transferred, pollen travels down into the ovary, where fertilizes the egg—fertilization occurs. • 5) Each fertilized egg in a flowering plant can develop into a seed  ovary into a fruit  fruit contains seed that will grow into new plant

14. Anatomy of a Seed • Embryo – a tiny new plant contained in each seed. • Cotyledon – parts where the stored food is located • 3 things each seed has: • Embryo • Cotyledon (stored food) • Seed coat

16. Types of Pollination • Self Pollination – pollen is carried from stamen to pistil of SAME flower • Cross Pollination – pollen is carried to from stamen to pistil of a DIFFERENT flower

17. Dispersal Mechanisms • 3 Types of Dispersal: • 1)Self Dispersal – when ovary splits or divides releasing seeds • 2)Wind Dispersal – dispersal via wind • Helicopters, dandelions, etc. • 3)Animal Dispersal – dispersal via animal • Animal feces, attaching to animals, etc.

18. Germination • Once a seed is dispersed, if it lands in soil it may germinate. • Germination – is the sprouting of a new plant from a seed (seed developing into a plant).

19. Steps of Germination • 1) First, seed absorbs so much water that it swells and bursts its seed coat. • 2) Stored food inside provides energy for the roots, stem, and leaves to start growing. • 3) After plant emerges from soil, it can capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis.

20. Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction

21. Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction • Plants can reproduce in 2 different ways: ____________ & _______________ • Plants have 4 main organs: __________ , ___________ , ___________ , _____________

22. Plant Organs • 1) Roots - _____________________________ • 2) Stem - _____________________________ • 3) Leaves - ____________________________ • 4) Flower - ____________________________

23. How Flowers Reproduce • All flowers reproduce by making a _______________. • This _______________ will eventually grow into a new species. • A seed is the end product of a what type of reproduction _______________________.

24. Male Reproductive Parts • Stamen – ____________________________________ • Pollen – ______________________________________________________

25. Female Reproductive Parts • Pistil – ____________________________________________ • Ovary – ________________________________________________________________________________________

26. Pollination • Pollination - __________________________________________________________________________ • Pollinators - __________________________________________________________________________

27. Check List • 1) What are two modes of reproduction that plants use? • 2) Which one requires fertilization? • 3) Female reproductive organs produce __________, while male reproductive organs produce __________. • 4) Which reproduction creates genetically identical offspring? • 5) List the 4 main organs of a plant. • 6) In 3 sentences tell me which organ you feel like is the most important out of the 4 organs of a plant and back up with facts.

28. Check List • 1) What type of reproduction in plants requires fertilization? • 2) Where does fertilization occur in a plant? • 3) What is the male reproductive part of a flower? • 4) What is the powdery substance that contains male reproductive cells called? • 5) The end product of sexual reproduction in plants is a _____________. Which will eventually grow into a new organism. • 6) What is it called when pollen travels from the stamen to the top of the pistil? • 7)Draw out a flower and label: Pistil, Pollen, Stamen, Ovary, Eggs. • 8) List 3 types of Pollinators.

29. Section 3 • Pollination • Pollinators • Stamen, pollen, pistil • Fertilization • Sex Cells (Gametes) • Ovary • Seed • Fruit • Germination • Seed, soil, water, sunlight

30. Anatomy of Seed • Embryo – ____________________________ • Cotyledon – _____________________________________________________ • 3 things each seed has: • Embryo • Cotyledon (stored food) • Seed coat

32. Dispersal of Seeds • Seeds must find their way to the __________. • A seed needs 3 things to grow. • ____________, ______________, ____________ • Animals and wind can help in dispersing _____________.

33. Dispersal Mechanisms • 3 Types of Dispersal: • 1)Self Dispersal – ____________________________ • 2)Wind Dispersal – _____________________________ • Helicopters, dandelions, etc. • 3)Animal Dispersal – ____________________________ • Animal feces, attaching to animals, etc.

34. Germination • Germination - __________________________________________________________________________

35. Steps of germination: • 1) Seed absorbs so much _________, until seed coat bursts • 2)__________ provides food for the seed to grow. • 3)Grows above ground and can go through a process of __________________ .

36. Check List • 1) Draw out a seed and label these 3 parts: Cotyledon, Embryo, Seed Coat • 2)The __________ is the tiny new plant that is located inside of the seed. • 3) The _____________ is the stored food inside the seed. • 4) The protective coat on the outside of the seed is called the ___________. • 5) What are the 3 major steps in germination? • 6) Once a seed is produced after fertilization, what are 3 things needed for it to grow? • 7) Dispersal is how a seed finds/gets to a place to grow, how many ways of dispersal can there be? • 8) If a seed is eaten by an animal, and digested through the digestive system, what type of dispersal has occurred? • 9) Give an example of an plant that has self dispersed seeds, wind dispersed seeds, and animal dispersed seeds. • 10) _______________ is the process in which a seed sprouts into a new plant.