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Skull Positioning DMI 55. In the beginning-. 2 types of Skull bones. -form protective housing of brain (cranial vault). 8 Cranial. 14 Facial. -provides structure, shape & support for face protective housing for upper ends of respiratory & digestive tracts
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Skull Positioning DMI 55 In the beginning-
2 types of Skull bones -form protective housing of brain (cranial vault) 8 Cranial 14 Facial • -provides structure, shape & support for face • protective housing for upper ends of respiratory & digestive tracts • with cranial-forms eye sockets
The Cranium • The Brain • Of Jane • Lies Mainly • In her Cran (ium)
The8Cranial Bones are: • 1 Frontal • 2 Parietal • 1 Occipital • 1 Ethmoid • 1 Sphenoid • 2 Temporal
Top of skull = skull cap=Calvarium • It is made up of 4 bones • Frontal • L & R Parietal • Occipital
Occipital Floor of Cranium
The Floor of the Cranium is made of 4 bones(The four on the floor!) • The Ethmoid • The Sphenoid • Left & Right Temporal bones
1 Sphenoid bone
Temporal Bones PETROUS RIDGE LATERAL AP
There are14Facial Bones • 2 maxillary bones • 2 nasal • 2 lacrimal • 2 Zygoma (malar) • 2 palatine • 2 inferior nasal conchae • 1 vomer • 1 mandible
2 nasal bones 2 lacrimal bones
At approximately what age does the human eyeball reach maturity? Would you believe 1 year?
What are fontanels? Six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn
Sphenoidal fontanel (pterion) Mastoid fontanel (asterion)
At what age do the fontanels close? • Posterior and sphenoidal fontanels close during first 1-3 months after birth • Anterior and mastoid fontanels close during 2nd year of life
All skull positions are based on 3 factors • Rotation • Tilt • Flexion-Extension
3 types of Skull Position change • 1st type - • Rotation -your head is rotating on an axis-your neck • The “NO” position
2nd type of skull position change • Flexion-extension • Also called “Yes” position Extension Flexion
3rd type of skull position change • Tilt • Or “Maybe” position
Skull Morphology Dolichocephalic Brachycephalic Mesocephalic
Brachycephalic- (Broad) Skull Morphology Dolichocephalic- (David)
Skull Morphology Mesocephalic- (middle-average) Microcephalic
Review • A-Vomer • B-Perp.plate ethmoid • C-Nasion • D- inferior nasal conchae • E- Anterior nasal spine
Lateral Skull • a-sphenoid • b-squamous suture • c-temporal • d-occipital • e-EAM • f-mastoid process • g-styloid process • h-TMJ • i-zygoma b (suture) c a b A a i d e g f h h
Landmarks Midsagittal plane a b Glabella Interpupillary line c Outer Canthus j d Inner Canthus Infraorbitlal margin i e Nasion f Acanthion h Gonion g Mentum
There are generally5basic positions in a “Skull Series” • PA • PA Axial (Caldwell) • Lateral • AP Axial (Towne) • SMV (Submentovertical) • All use 40” SID and 10X12 IR
PA projection O degrees • Forehead and nose touch IR • CR perpendicular to IR (0 deg. Angle) • Exit at nasion • Cassette 10x12 lengthwise
Alternate PA skull projections AP Decub style
PA Skull-Evaluation Criteria • Entire Cranium included • Equal distance from lateral border of skull to lateral border of orbit on both sides • Symmetric petrous pyramids filling orbits! R