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Pre-Colombian Civilization! Unit II 600-1450 C.E. Maya. 300 B.C.E.-900 C.E. Golden Age 500-850 C.E. Classical civilization Southern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula), Central America Tikal. Maya - Political. City-states Relatively autonomous, but united under one king Warfare Religious
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Pre-Colombian Civilization! Unit II 600-1450 C.E.
Maya 300 B.C.E.-900 C.E. Golden Age 500-850 C.E. Classical civilization Southern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula), Central America Tikal
Maya - Political • City-states • Relatively autonomous, but united under one king • Warfare • Religious • Slaves • Geography
Maya – Social, Cultural • Social structure • Kings, priests, nobility • Merchants • Peasants, slaves • Gender • Traditional roles for women • Inherit land
Maya - Religious • Three-part world view • Maize • Sacrifices • Pyramids • Calendar • Zero (Gupta!)
Maya - Economic • Agricultural • Slash and burn • Terrace, ridge field • Maize, cotton
Maya - Decline • Disease, drought, internal unrest • Remaining peoples • Rigoberta Menchú
Aztecs • 1150 C.E.- 1450 C.E. • Central Mexico • Tenochtitlan • Quetzalcoatl
Aztecs - Political • Expansionist, militant • Professional army • Sacrifices • Autonomy, taxes (no bureaucracy) • Roads • Inter-territorial trade • Guerras floridas
Aztecs – Social, Cultural • Social Structure • Warrior elite • Maya • Gender • Women subordinate • Inherit property • Commerce • Religion • Military and religion • Sacrifices
Inca • Early 13th century- 1450 C.E. • Peruvian Andes • Cuzco
Inca - Political • Expansionist • Inti • Professional standing army • Most united empire! • 1. bureaucracy • 2. unified spoken language (Quechua) • 3. roads • Chasquis and quipus
Inca – Social, Cultural • Gender • Women subordinate • Inherit property • Commerce (weaving) • More religious roles • Religion • Inti: sun god, owns all • No private property • El Inca • Smaller-scale sacrifice • Morality • Machu Picchu
Comparison -Politically • Motivations for expansion • Maya: slaves • Aztec: territory, sacrifices • Inca: religious • Centralization • Aztec and Maya: city-state autonomy • Inca: most centralized • Bureaucracy • Unified language (Quechua) • Roads
Comparison - Socially • All • Peasant majority • Slavery of conquered peoples • Women subordinate except • Inherit land • Commerce • Maya: Merchant class • Aztec: Warrior elite • Inca: Religious elite, god-king (el Inca)
Compare Aztecs to Romans • 1. roads • 2. autonomy but tribute • 3. adapted ideas from conquered peoples • 4. polytheistic vs
AP Essays • Mesoamerican civilization= Mayas, Aztecs • Andean civilization= Incas • Be able to compare Mayas to Unit I classical civilizations • Understand how religion contextualized expansion (Unit II!)