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Stage 29: Roma

Stage 29: Roma. The Origins of Rome. The Origins of Rome. name Rome - no definite origins- but probably from Romulus. Rome’s foundation date: April 21, 753BC The discovery of huts confirms the presence of an 8 th century settlement on the Palatine.

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Stage 29: Roma

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  1. Stage 29: Roma The Origins of Rome

  2. The Origins of Rome • name Rome - no definite origins- but probably from Romulus. • Rome’s foundation date: April 21, 753BC • The discovery of huts confirms the presence of an 8th century settlement on the Palatine. • The settlement (as all of Latium) was inhabited by the Latini who were sheperds and farmers

  3. Why here? • Access to Tiber river (transportation, waste removal, etc) • Protection from 7 hills • Great intersection between trade from southern and northern Italy

  4. Map of Rome

  5. Changes to site • Marshy forum drained thanks to Cloaca Maxima • New buildings expanding outward from Palatine

  6. 7 kings of Rome • Romulus • NumaPompilius • TullusHostilius • AncusMarcius • Lucius TarquiniusPriscus • ServiusTullius • Lucius TarquiniusSuperbus Romulus Never Took Any Ladies Sept Sabines!

  7. Government Shifts • the last king, TarquiniusSuperbus, was driven out, and the Roman Republic was established in 509 BCE • Kings were replaced by two annually elected magistrates-consuls • Caesar brought down republic, and Augustus was first emperor 31BC

  8. The Roman Forum

  9. Forum Romanum • heart of the city and the center of the empire • Augustus placed the miliariumaureum (golden milestone) in the Forum to mark the starting point of the roads

  10. Alia Fora • Following emperors built fora nearby: - Julius Caesar - Augustus - Nerva - Trajan - Domitian • But Forum Romanum remained the center of life

  11. Fora Reconstruction of the Forum of Augustus Julius Caesar’s Forum

  12. Fora Domitian’s Forum Vespasian’s Forum

  13. Trajan’s Forum

  14. Activities in Forum • visit temples and public buildings • listen to speeches and/or debates • watch processions • sometimes to meet their friends • Shop • Military and/or funeral processions would pass through • In basilica, lawyers pleaded their cases in front of audiences • Senators made their way to the curia to conduct affairs of government

  15. Pictures Curia (senate house) Sedan chair

  16. Location, Location, Location • The forum was between two of Rome’s hills, the Capitoline and the Palatine • Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was on the Capitoline, as the center of the Roman state religion. The Emperor came to pray for the safety of the Roman people, and consuls took their vows on January 1st at the beginning of their consulship • Emperor’s residence stood on the Palatine hill. Beginning as a simple house and expanding over the years to a palace.

  17. Rostra and Julius Caesar • At the foot of the Capitoline was the rostra, a platform from which public speeches were made to the people. • The name comes from rostra (a ship’s prow, captured in a sea battle early in Rome’s history) used to decorate it.

  18. Temple of Julius Caesar • Famous speech made by Mark Antony over the body of Julius Caesar in 44 BC. The crowd, riveted by his words became so angry at Caesar’s murder that they rioted, seized the body, and cremated it in the forum. A temple was later built in Caesar’s memory at the eastern end at the place where his body was burned.

  19. Temple of Vesta • A small round building with a cone-shaped roof was where the Vestal Virgins tended the undying sacred flame which symbolized the endurance of Rome • The Via Sacra ran through the forum and was the avenue for religious or triumphal processions • Triumphal Processions ended at the Capitoline Hill where they gave thanks at the temple..

  20. Images Via Sacra Temple of Vesta Arch of Titus

  21. Prison • Not far from the rostra and curia was the prison. Prisoners of war were held in this prison before being led in a triumphal procession. Afterwards they would be taken back to the prison and killed.

  22. Lower Part

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