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????????????. ???.???(Donald A. Marchand)????????????????????. ??????????. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????. ?????(1/2). ??????:????????????????:????????????:????????:????????????????????. ?????(2/2). ???(???????????,?????????)???????????

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    1. ??? ????????

    2. ???? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????,?????????????

    3. ???????????? ???.???(Donald A. Marchand)?? ??????????????????

    4. ?????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????????

    5. ?????(1/2) ???? ??: ???????????? ????: ?????????? ??: ?????? ??: ????????????????????

    6. ?????(2/2) ???(???????????,?????????) ???????????,???????????? ?????????????????????????????????,??????????? ???????????????????????,???????????

    7. ??????? ??????????

    8. ????????? IT???????

    9. ?????? ?????????????????

    10. ??????????????????? ??.??(David F. Feeny) ???.???(Leslie P. Willcocks) ?? ???????????????

    11. ??????(1/2) Standish Group?1995?????????????????: 30%????????? ?????1998?????????????: 26%??????????? 5%???????

    12. ??????(2/2) ?????????????????: ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????????????,???????: ?????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????????????

    13. ??????????? ????????????????????,?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????

    14. ?????? ??????,???? ???????? ????? ??????

    15. ????????????? ???????????????? ????,?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????—???????????????????? ??????????,???????????????

    16. ????????? ???.?????(Daniel Erasmus)?? ??????????????

    17. ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????,????????? ?????????????,????????: ???????(?????) ????(?????) ???????(?????) ???????(?????)

    18. ????(1/3) ??????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????

    19. ????(2/3) ???????????,??????????????????,????????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ???

    20. ????(3/3) ??????????????,???????????? ??????????????? ???????????,??????????????????

    21. ???? ???????????????????? ????????????,????????????????? ????????????????

    22. ???????? ?? ?????????????????????? ?? ??????????????????????

    23. ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????

    24. ?????????????? ??.??(George Roth)?? ??????????????

    25. ??????? ??????????? ??????????,??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????

    26. ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????

    27. ??????? ????????????????????????,?????????????? ?????????????????????????????

    28. ????????????? ???.??(Soumitra Dutta)?? ???????????

    29. ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????=?? ???????? ????????? ?????

    30. ?????????? ???.????(Eric K. Clemons)?? ???????????,????????????

    31. ?? ????????????????,????????????????????? ??????????,?????????????? ?????????????????

    32. ?????????? ??????????????????????,??????: ??????????? ???????????????,?????????????????????? ??????????????,??????? ????????? ??????????????????

    33. ????? ???????,????????,??????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????,???????????? ????????????

    34. ???? ????????? ?????????????,??????????????????? ?????????,??????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????????????,????????? ??????????????????? ????

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