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DEATH JUDGEMENT HEAVEN HELL ESCHATOLOGY

DEATH JUDGEMENT HEAVEN HELL ESCHATOLOGY. The Old Testament is more interested in how death first came about. Genesis 2-3 Death is punishment for disobeying God. Death as punishment for sin is not a physical death rather it is the inability to praise God Praising God is a sign of life

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DEATH JUDGEMENT HEAVEN HELL ESCHATOLOGY

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  1. DEATH JUDGEMENT HEAVEN HELL ESCHATOLOGY

  2. The Old Testament is more interested in how death first came about. Genesis 2-3 Death is punishment for disobeying God Death as punishment for sin is not a physical death rather it is the inability to praise God Praising God is a sign of life Inability to do so is death, even in life Death is not simply a physical act but also a punishment for sin

  3. Belief in Resurrection Metaphors of Resurrection Hos 6:1-2 God will revive us after three days; on the third day he will raise us up, to live in his presence Ez 37 Scattered bones brought back to life by the breath of God, symbolizing the Israelite nation Is 24-27 Your dead shall live, their corpses shall rise/ awake and sing you who lie in the dust (26:19)

  4. Development of thought about life beyond death Daniel 12:1-3 The problem of the suffering of the persecuted and righteous during the persecution of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175-164 BCE) Resurrection of the members of the chosen people and of them alone, the just to eternal life, the others to everlasting shame

  5. Belief in Resurrection The Second book of Maccabees The resurrection of the just on the last day Bodily resurrection by God is the response to bodily destruction by the wicked (7:9, 11, 14, 23; 14:46) Affirms the intercession of the saints in heaven for the living on earth Power of the living to offer prayer and sacrifice for the dead (12:39-36)

  6. The Book of Wisdom First century BCE The concept of psyche (soul 1:11; 3:1) The immortal spiritual principle in the human person as opposed to the perishable material body Immortality (3:4; 4:1; 8:13, 17; 15:3) and Incorruptibility (2:23; 6:18) are God’s gifts to the righteous and the fruits of union to wisdom (6:18; 8:13, 17; 15:3) It was the devils envy that brought sin into the world(2:24) Reinterprets Genesis 3

  7. What the New Testament Says Death is seen in the same way as traditional Jewish perspective but reinterpreted in the light of Jesus’ death and resurrection • Death for humans is universal Heb 9:27 • except for Enoch (Gn 5:24; Heb 11:5) and Elijah (2Kgs 2:11) • God alone is immortal (1 Tm 6:16) • Death as pain and destruction of self is the penalty of sin not God’s creation (Rm 5:12) • Through one person death entered the world through sin (Rom 5:12 • Through the death and resurrection of one man acquittal, grace, and eternal life come to all in greater measure (Rom 5:12-21) • Christ’s death destroyed the power of death (2Tm1:10, 1 Cor 15:26, Acts 2:24)) • Christ is Lord of both living and dead (Rom 14:9, Rv 1:18)

  8. Christ brings death a positive meaning Without loosing its terror it can now result in gain (Phil 1:21, Phil 1:23) “I long to depart this life and be with Christ.” (Catechism 1009)

  9. So What Happens to Us? Separation of the soul from the body (Catechism 1005, 1016) To rise with Christ, we must die with Christ: we must "be away from the body and at home with the Lord." In that "departure" which is death the soul is separated from the body. It will be reunited with the body on the day of resurrection of the dead.

  10. Catholicism sees the human person as intrinsically one reality Death is the dissolution of the very human person not just the body It is “I” who die “Since the person is not the soul alone, but the body and soul essentially united, death affects the person” (International Theological Commission)

  11. In and through our choices we shape our identity and destiny in a definitive and decisive way Dying is the act by which a person freely gathers up or consummates his or her history of freedom in a final and definitive way Though this gathering up occurs throughout life death is the persons last act in which their destiny is finally, definitively, irrevocably determined Death is the privileged moment of human freedom in which the person has the power to make a decision that is of eternal validity

  12. How Can We Prepare for Death? It is a lifelong task, since one truly dies in every moment of one’s life Begun in Baptism The Christian dies, is buried, and rises sacramentally with Christ A participation in Christ’s death it is a death to sin Since physical death is punishment for sin, dying to sin is preparation for overcoming physical death

  13. Can we eliminate the fear of death? Faith and hope may lessen our fear of death, but they in no way remove it. Even fortified by Sacraments and the prayers of the community of faith, our last act is still most often done in fear and trembling Jesus faced his death in anguish to the point of sweating blood asking his father to remove the cup if he so willed.

  14. Every action of yours, every thought, should be those of one who expects to die before the day is out. Death would have no great terrors for you if you had a quiet conscience. Then why not keep clear of sin instead of running away from death? If you aren't fit to face death today, it's very unlikely you will be tomorrow (Catechism 1014)

  15. TO JUDGE THE LIVING AND THE DEAD Our attitude about our neighbor will disclose acceptance or refusal of grace and divine love. On the last day Jesus will say: "Truly I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me."

  16. Christ is Lord of eternal life. Full right to pass definitive judgment on the works and hearts of men belongs to him as redeemer of the world. He "acquired" this right by his cross. The Father has given "all judgment to the Son."

  17. Yet the Son did not come to judge, but to save and to give the life he has in himself. By rejecting grace in this life, One already judges oneself, Receives according to one's works, And can even condemn oneself for all eternity By rejecting the Spirit of love.

  18. The Final Purification, or Purgatory All who die in God's grace and friendship, but are still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven.

  19. The Church gives the name Purgatory to this final purification of the elect, which is entirely different from the punishment of the damned • This teaching is based on the practice of prayer for the dead, • mentioned in Sacred Scripture: • "Therefore [Judas Maccabeus] made atonement for the dead, that they might be delivered from their sin.” • (2 Maccabees 12:38-46)

  20. How long does purgatory last? There is no “time” after death there is only eternity Purgatory is a “process of purification” rather than a place This process of purification is more one of maturation and spiritual growth than of juridical expiation or punishment for sins

  21. Particular Judgement Death puts an end to human life as the time open to either accepting or rejecting the divine grace manifested in Christ. The New Testament implicitly affirms that each will be rewarded immediately after death (after purification if necessary) in accordance with his works and faith. The parable of the poor man Lazarus The words of Christ on the cross to the good thief

  22. Each man receives his eternal retribution in his immortal soul at the very moment of his death, in a particular judgment that refers his life to Christ: • either entrance into the blessedness of heaven – if necessary through a purification • or immediate and everlasting damnation. • Providence allows us time for the free exercise of the will At the evening of life, we shall be judged on our love. The look He casts upon us will be our judge. T. S. Elliot

  23. FinalJudgement The New Testament speaks of judgment primarily in its aspect of the final encounter with Christ in his second coming at the General Resurrection A final destiny of the soul - a destiny which can be different for some than for others.

  24. The resurrection of all the dead, "of both the just and the unjust," will precede the Last Judgment. This will be "the hour when All who are in the tombs will hear [the Son of man's] voice and come forth, Those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment.”

  25. The Last Judgment will come when Christ returns in glory. Only the Father knows the day and the hour; only he determines the moment of its coming. Then through his Son Jesus Christ he will pronounce the final word on all history.

  26. We shall know the ultimate meaning of: the whole work of creation the entire economy of salvation and understand the marvelous ways by which his Providence led everything towards its final end. The Last Judgment will reveal that God's justice triumphs over all the injustices committed by his creatures and that God's love is stronger than death.

  27. HEAVENWhat Does Scripture Say? Dwelling place of God 1 Kgs 8:30; Ps 2:4; Mk 11:25; Mt 5:16; Lk 11:13; Rv 21:2 Dwelling place of the angels Gn 21:17; Lk 2:15; Heb 12:22; Rv 1:4 Dwelling place of Christ Mk 16:19; Acts 1:9-11; Eph 4:10; Heb 4:14 Dwelling place of the blessed Mk 10:21; Phil 3:20; Heb 12:22-24

  28. HEAVENWhat Does Scripture Say? “The clean of heart will see God” Matthew 5:8 “We shall see Him as He is.” 1 John 3:2 “At present we see indistinctly, as in a mirror, but then face to face. At present I know partially; then I shall know fully as I am fully known.” 1 Cor 13:12

  29. HEAVEN “Eye has not seen, ear has not heard, what God has ready for those who love him” 1 Cor 2:9 & Is 64:3 Heaven can not properly be defined Lack of experience or data Heaven is unique with nothing to compare

  30. Transformation Beatific Vision Scripture and theology tell us that the blessed see God face to face. And because this vision is immediate and direct, it is also exceedingly clear and distinct. The blessed see God, not merely according to the measure of His likeness imperfectly reflected in creation, but they see Him as He is, after the manner of His own Being. That the blessed see God is a dogma of faith, expressly defined by Benedict XII (1336):

  31. Huckelberry Finn “I was a-trembling because I’d got to decide forever betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied for a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself, ‘All right, then, I’ll go to Hell.’”

  32. Defining the Doctrine of Hell Hell is the absence of heaven “The Outer Darkness” Darkness is defined only negatively as the absence of light Evil is privation of good If you believe Good and Evil are relative to each other, then you cannot believe in the God of the Bible God is perfectly good We were designed for heaven because of the designer

  33. What the Old Testament Says The wicked are punished Is 50:11; 66:24; Jdt 16:17; Wis 4:19 Rise to condemnation and shame Dn 12:2; 2 Mc 7:14 Their punishment is by fire (destruction) Is 50:11; 66:24 and worms (corruption) Is 66:24 First Enoch

  34. What did Jesus say? Jesus did not teach explicitly about hell He focused on the Kingdom of God He did however threaten divine judgement and Gehenna Place of fiery punishment Mt 5:22, 30; 10:28; Mt 11:23, 28; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Mk 9:43, 45, 47; Lk 12:5 THE HINNOM VALLEY

  35. Hell is punishment Punishment as for “natural law” A law that is objective and absolute The punishment is inherent to the action Hell’s punishment is intrinsic to the mortal sin committed If we eat the forbidden fruit of disobedience to God’s will, divorcing our will and spirit from God’s, the the inevitable result will be disaster and death, for God is the source of all joy and life

  36. Hell is pain God is the sole source of all the joy inreality If God is joy, hell must be pain Pain can be thought of as external or internal Internal pain is far worse than external pain “Hell is the suffering of being unable to love.” Loving is greater joy than being loved Dostoyevsky Love is the greatest joy therefore there can be no greater pain than to not love

  37. Hell is privation Deprivation of God We shut God out by our own choice The desire to be happy without God is doomed to failure, pain and inevitable punishment because God is the only choice Privation of God is the absence of all joy

  38. It is not necessary explicitly to choose hell We can rather choose Mortal Sin We are separated from God not only when we refuse to love God but also when we refuse to love God’s children 1 Jn 3:14-15 Whoever does not love remains in death Catechism 1033 We will be separated from him if we fail to meet the needs of the poor

  39. “In all discussions of hell we should keep steadily before our eyes the possible damnation, not of our enemies, nor our friends, families, loved ones but of ourselves” (C.S. Lewis) Honesty and Love are the reasons we teach and believe in hell

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