1 / 62

Module 6

Module 6. Post occupancy evaluation and thermal comfort. Plan. Post Occupancy Evaluation Case of Study : SARA project Questionnaire model. POE - POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION.

xiu
Download Presentation

Module 6

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Module 6 Post occupancy evaluation and thermal comfort www.sara-project.net

  2. Plan Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Post Occupancy Evaluation • Case of Study : SARA project • Questionnaire model

  3. POE - POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 “Technically, POE studies of buildings involve systematic collection and evaluation of information about the performance of a building in use. Data collected can include measured information such as energy consumption, temperatures, lighting levels, acoustic performance etc., and survey data from the perspective of the occupants regarding issues such as comfort, aesthetics, occupant satisfaction, management, etc ..” Gupta, R.(2006) Learning by doing: a post-occupancy building evaluation module for postgraduate architecture students

  4. POE & FSTC (1) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • The POE (Post Occupancy Evaluation) is concerned with the performance of the building (‘the building is often hot in summer’). • the FSTC (Field Studies of Thermal Comfort) is concerned with the occupant of the building (‘I feel hot now’). • The ‘function’ of the occupant in the POE is to provide a subjective measure of a building and act as its ‘memory’

  5. POE & FSTC (2) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • The POE survey puts little emphasis on measuring the physical characteristics of the environment (temperature etc) at the time of the evaluation • In the thermal comfort survey the physical measurements are a key function because the aim is to predict the subjective from a knowledge of the physical.

  6. POE & FSTC (3) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • The FSTC is uses detailed experimental work done in laboratories and climate chambers to explain the physiological and physical and psychological processes which underlie thermal comfort • In the same way POE can be informed by the results of FSTC which explore the responses of building occupants

  7. POE & FSTC (4) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • There is a rich interface between the two types of survey and the ways in which they complement each other. • In particular the ways in which the information from comfort surveys might be of use to explore the subjective scales in a POE, both as regards their design and interpretation

  8. Thermal comfort Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Thermal comfort is famously described by ASHRAE Standard 55 as that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. • A Psychological phenomenon not a physiological one (though with a base in physiology and physics)

  9. The lessons of comfort surveys (1) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Field studies in buildings show that the subjective response is the driving force behind the behavioural reaction according the adaptive principal: ‘If a change occurs such as to produce discomfort, people react in ways which tend to restore their comfort’.

  10. The lessons of comfort surveys (2) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Comfort is not just a response to thermal conditions, but part of an interaction between occupants and buildings • Comfort is a goal to be sought from, not a product delivered by the building • The occupants may change themselves, or use controls to change the condition to achieve comfort

  11. Comfort is achieved by the occupants adapting to the building Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 Occupant Building Or by the occupants adapting the building to suit them This has to be done within the climatic, social, economic and cultural context of the whole system

  12. Adaptive opportunity Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Crucial, therefore, to the likely success of any building in being comfortable are the adaptive opportunities it provides. • Adaptive opportunities are those features of the building which allow the occupants to adapt themselves to the building or to adapt the environment in the building to their own requirements

  13. Personal Variables Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 Data from Pakistan

  14. The result of these actions is shown in this graph of the level of discomfort at different indoor temperatures among office workers in Pakistan Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 Little discomfort Source: Nicol, Raja, Allauddin & Jamy (1999) Energy and Buildings 30

  15. Different controls are used in different circumstances Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  16. People adapt Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Over time the temperature which people find comfortable is close to the mean temperature they have experienced. • In other words the conditions which occupants find comfortable are influenced their recent thermal experience.

  17. Results from field surveys Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 Source: From Nicol & Humphreys Energy and Buildings 34

  18. Thermal indices Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Much of the work in thermal comfort (laboratory and field) has been aimed at perfecting an ‘index’ to describe comfort in terms of all the environmental and personal factors effecting comfort • PMV, ET*, SET etc

  19. Thermal indices Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • The problem with complex indices is not only how to collect the data, but also that the errors, both in the measurement of the variables and in the way they are ‘put together’, tend to be cumulative. • The more complex the index the more important the errors and the less the likelihood that the index will be useful as a predictive tool.

  20. Variability and forgiveness (1) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • When occupants describe conditions as ‘hot’, they often mean ‘hot as compared to what might be expected’ or ‘hot as compared to what I normally expect’. • This might imply the deviations from the ‘normal’ temperature would give rise to dissatisfaction and that variability leads to discomfort.

  21. Variability and forgiveness (2) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • But temperature change in buildings might be the result of occupant actions to achieve comfort as well as the result of factors beyond their control. • Variable temperatures (assumed to be a ‘bad thing’ in the steady-state heat balance models of thermal comfort) might actually be improving occupant comfort.

  22. Variability Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Change is natural, stasis is only possible in certain (generally non-sustainable) circumstances. • Thermal sensation relates to a running mean of temperature rather than its instantaneous. • The relationship is not an exact one but the principle seems robust over a number of studies.

  23. Running mean temperature Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 The rate at which the comfort temperature changes is related to the running mean of the outdoor temperature (red line)

  24. Wilson Building, Open University, UK Passive refurbishment of first floor studio Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  25. Third floor Passive studio August 1995 (weather very hot) Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 How often is it too hot? September 1995 October 1995 Never Often Never Often Source: POE research team at OBU

  26. Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 Source: POE research team at OBU

  27. OU Studio Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Perception of building changes with the outdoor conditions • Overall satisfaction with passive Studio floor is better • (also satisfaction better near window than away from it)

  28. 2. Case of study :SARA Project www.sara-project.net

  29. Description of the UK building of SARA Project In the UK the chosen project was of the new Administrative and Student Services Building (ASS), Southampton University. With 2500 m2 gross area this new department building, located on the existing campus site, comprises of a new 3 storeys high block linked to the old administrative block by an atrium. www.sara-project.net

  30. www.sara-project.net

  31. www.sara-project.net

  32. State of project progress SUMMER 2006 SUMMER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  33. SUMMER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  34. SUMMER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  35. SUMMER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  36. SUMMER 2006 SUMMER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  37. SUMMER 2006 SUMMER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  38. SUMMER 2006 SUMMER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  39. SUMMER 2006 SUMMER 2006 WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  40. SUMMER 2006 SUMMER 2006 WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  41. SUMMER 2006 SUMMER 2006 WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  42. WINTER 2006 WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF NEW BUILDING

  43. WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF NEW&OLD BUILDING SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF NEW&OLD BUILDING

  44. WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF NEW&OLD BUILDING

  45. WINTER 2006 WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF NEW&OLD BUILDING

  46. WINTER 2006 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF OLD BUILDING WINTER 2006 WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  47. WINTER 2006 WINTER 2006 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF OLD BUILDING SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF OLD BUILDING WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  48. WINTER 2006 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF OLD BUILDING WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  49. WINTER 2006 SECOND, THIRD AND FORTH FLOORS OF OLD BUILDING WINTER 2006 WINTER 2006 Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118

  50. Concluding remarks Sustainable Architecture Applied to Replicable Public Access Buildings www.sara-project.net Contract:TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503118 • Building performance: required fine tuning for design, fabric and services • Users performance: participation and information A demonstration project co-financed by the European Commission. (TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31838/503188)

More Related