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An Overview of Chinese History

An Overview of Chinese History. A Outline of Traditional Chinese Culture. The Brief Chronology of Chinese History( 中国历史年代简表 ). Paleolithic Period( 旧石器时代 )1,700,000-10,000 years ago Neolithic Period( 新石器时代 )10,000-4,000 years ago Xia Dynasty ( 夏 ) 2070B.C.-1600 B.C.

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An Overview of Chinese History

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  1. An Overview of Chinese History A Outline of Traditional Chinese Culture

  2. The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(中国历史年代简表) Paleolithic Period(旧石器时代)1,700,000-10,000 years ago Neolithic Period(新石器时代)10,000-4,000 years ago Xia Dynasty (夏) 2070B.C.-1600 B.C. Shang Dynasty (商) 1600 B.C.-1046 B.C. Western Zhou Dynasty (西周) 1046 B.C.-771 B.C. Spring and Autumn Period (春秋)770 B.C.-476 B.C. Warring State Period(战国) 475 B.C.-221 B.C.

  3. The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(中国历史年代简表) Qin Dynasty(秦) 221BC-206BC Han Dynasty (Western Han & Eastern Han)(汉) 206BC-220AD Three Kingdoms (三国) 220-280AD Jin Dynasty (Western Jin & Eastern Jin)(晋) 265-420 Southern and Northern Dynasties(南北朝) 420-589 Sui Dynasty (隋) 581-618 Tang Dynasty (唐) 618-907

  4. The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(中国历史年代简表) Five Dynasties (五代) 907-960 Liao Dynasty (辽) 907-1125 Song Dynasty (Northern Song & Southern Song) (宋) 960-1279 Western Xia Dynasty(西夏)1038-1227 Jin Dynasty (金) 1115-1234 Yuan Dynasty (元) 1206-1368

  5. The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(中国历史年代简表) Ming Dynasty (明) 1368-1644 Qing Dynasty (清) 1616-1840 (Opium War)-1911 Republic of China(中华民国)1912-1949 People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)1949- 1、夏商与西周，东周分两段，春秋和战国，一统秦两汉。 三分魏蜀吴，两晋前后沿，南北朝并立，隋唐五代传 宋元明清后，皇朝至此完。 2、尧舜禹，夏商周，春秋战国乱悠悠，秦汉三国晋统一， 南朝北朝是对头， 隋唐五代又十国，宋元明清帝王休。 3、黄尧舜禹夏商周，春秋秦汉又三国，两晋南北隋唐起 五代十国宋辽金，元明清后皇朝止。

  6. The historical development of the Chinese culture • 1. The Dawn of Chinese History: The Pre-Qin Period Culture(中国历史文化的开篇——先秦文化) (1) The Earliest Human Beings in China: Yuanmou Man (dated back to 1,700,000 years ago, the earliest human beings ever found in China)-Lantian Man (walk upright on 2 feet)-Peking Man (skilled at making fire, making and using stone tools)- Upper Cave Man (18000, resembled modern human beings in appearance ) (2) The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in Ancient China

  7. The historical development of the Chinese culture (3) Ancestors of the Chinese Nation: 4000 years ago, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang defeated Chiyou. (4) Confucius, the Great Educator (5) The “Hundred Schools of Thought” and their Exponents.诸子百家 (6) The Art of War: the world first treatise on military science世界上第一部兵法——《孙子兵法》

  8. An outline history Yuanmou Man and Peking Man The Ancient Period The Modern Times

  9. Yuanmou Man and Peking Man The first primitive man known to have existed in China is Yuanmou Man, who lived 1.7 million years ago. Peking Man, who existed more than 400,000 years ago, could walk upright, make and use simple tools, and make use of fire.

  10. The Ancient Period Why are we called “the descendants of Yan and Huang (炎黄子孙)”? Chinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.

  11. Yu conquering the flood Yu inspired people to dig ditches to divert water instead of building dams. He worked ceaselessly for 13 years and succeeded in controlling the floods.

  12. The historical development of the Chinese culture 2. The period of Great Feudal Unity: The Qin and Han Dynasties封 建大一统时期——秦汉 (1)Qinshihuang, the First Emperor in Chinese History (2)The Great Wall and the Terracotta Warriors (3)Sima Qian and his Records of the Historian (4) Zhang Heng, and his seismograph / seismoscope (5) Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of medicine and Hua Tuo, the founder of surgery

  13. Qinshihuang, the First Emperor • The First Emperor of Qin (watch a movie) He unified the Language, the measurement system and the currency, set up the prefectures and counties system, constructed the famous Great Wall and built extravagant palaces and mausoleums.

  14. The Terracotta Warriors

  15. The historical development of the Chinese culture • 3. The division of China once more and the intermingling of ethnic groups: The Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. 封建国家的分裂和民族大融合——三国、两晋、南北朝 Chao Cao, Zhuge Liang Romance of the Three Kingdoms《三国演义》 Wang Xizhi, the saint of calligraphy

  16. The historical development of the Chinese culture • 4. The heyday of Feudal Society: The Sui and Tang Dynasties封建社会的繁荣——隋唐 (1) The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty (2) Xuanzang’s Journey to the West (3) Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean to Japan

  17. The historical development of the Chinese culture • 5. The continued development of Feudal Society and the coexistence of ethnic regimes: The Five Dynasties, and the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties 封建社会的继续发展和民族政权并立时期——五代、辽、宋、夏、金、元 (1)Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang (2)The Four Great Inventions (3)Riversides scene on the Pure Brightness Festival (4) Sima Guang and the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government 《资治通鉴》

  18. The historical development of the Chinese culture • 6. The period of further development of the unitary multi-ethnic country and the decline of feudal society: The Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the opium war of 1840)统一的多民族国家进一步发展和封建社会由盛而衰时期明清（鸦片战争以前） Zhu Yuanzhang, Zheng He, Qi Jiguang Li Shizhen and Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica)

  19. The historical development of the Chinese culture • 7. Modern Period近代中国 (1) Lin Zexu and the Destruction of Opium at Humen (2) The first Opium War (3) The May 4th Movement

  20. The historical development of the Chinese culture • 8. Contemporary Period 现代中国 • You know much about this period.

  21. Brief introduction to Chinese Symbols National Day • National Emblem • National Anthem (Internationale国际歌） • National Capital

  22. Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949. National Day

  23. The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land. The design of the four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. National Flag

  24. Composed of patterns of the national flag, the Tian’anmen Rostrum, a wheel gear and ears of wheat, it symbolizes the New-Democratic Revolution of the Chinese people since the May 4th Movement in 1919 and the birth of New China. National Emblem

  25. National Anthem • March of the Volunteers was written in 1935 and was officially adopted as the national anthem of the PRC on December 4, 1982. • The lyrics of March of the Volunteers goes as follow: Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; Let us amount our flesh and blood towards our new Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril, The thundering roar of our people will be heard! Arise! Arise! Arise! We are many, but our hearts beat as one! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! March on! March on! on!

  26. On September 27, 1949, Beiping was renamed as Beijing and became capital of the PRC. Beijing is not only the nation’s political centre, but also serves as its economic, scientific and cultural heart. National Capital

  27. Geography • Location and Boundary • Topography • Rivers and Lakes • Climate

  28. Location and Boundary

  29. What’s the location of China in the Map? • Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada.

  30. Topography

  31. What are the features of Chinese topography? • China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains in the east. • Taking a bird’s-eye view of China, the terrain descends from the west to east like a four-staircase:

  32. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Southwest China; (above 4000m) • Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Tarim Basin（塔里木盆地）, the Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin; (1000m-2000m) • The Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain; (500-1000m) • The continental shelf

  33. Rivers and Lakes • More than 1,500 rivers each drain 1,000 sq km or larger areas • Rich in water-power resources • Exterior and interior river systems • The Yangtze River and the Yellow River • 24,800 natural lakes • The Grand Canal

  34. The Yangtze River is the longest river in China; (6,300km) It flows through 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. It is one of the main artery of water transportation between eastern and western China. What’s your impression of the Yangtze River?

  35. The Yellow River is China’s second longest river; (5,464 km) The most heavily silt-laden river in the world. The Yellow river catchment area is an important base for grains in China. What’s your impression of the Yellow River?

  36. The Grand Canal is also called Jinghang Canal (1,801 km) The canal was open to navigation over 1,000 years ago. It passes through one city, four provinces and links five major rivers. Anything about the Grand Canal?

  37. Climate • A warm climate and distinct seasons • Continental monsoon climate in China: 1) cold and dry winters; 2) warm and humid summers;

  38. Administrative Divisions (5 minutes) • Three-tier system (三级建制), dividing the nation into provinces, counties and townships； • At present China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and two special administrative regions (SAR：特别行政区)

  39. Population • More recent data using sampling by the National Bureau of Statistics announced that by Nov. 1, 2010, the population of China was 1,370,536,875. • What is “One Child Policy”? It is a policy of family planning, hoping to control the population increase, improve population quality.

  40. Distribution of the Ethnic groups • 56 ethnic groups (Han, 91.51%) • According to the fifth national census conducted in 2010, the population of all the 55 minority ethnic groups totaled 113,792,221, accounting for 8.49 percent of the total population of China. • What is the ethnic policy in China? Equality, unity, mutual assistance and common prosperity (平等，团结，互助，共同繁荣)are the basic principles of the Chinese government in handling the relations between ethnic groups.

  41. Guess what ethnic group are they from?

  42. Dong

  43. Yi

  44. Tujia

  45. Li

  46. Miao

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